A mother conveys concern over the fact that she is not certain if her newborn is receiving enough nutrients from breastfeeding. This is the baby's first clinic visit after birth. What information can you provide that will help alleviate her fears regarding nutrient status for her newborn?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because monitoring the infant's output, specifically the number of wet diapers changed in a 24-hour period, is a good indicator that the baby is receiving sufficient intake from breastfeeding. This can help alleviate the mother's fears about her newborn's nutrient status. It is important to provide practical and reassuring information to support the mother in her breastfeeding journey.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Persistent pulmonary hypertension is a common complication associated with meconium aspiration syndrome. It can lead to hypoxemia and acidosis, making it crucial for the nurse to monitor for this complication in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome. The other options do not directly correlate with meconium aspiration syndrome and its complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric respiratory distress, the BEST indication for rigid bronchoscopy is option B) extracting foreign bodies. This is because rigid bronchoscopy is the preferred method for removing foreign bodies from the airway in children due to its larger working channel, better visualization, and ability to manage complications effectively. Foreign body aspiration can lead to life-threatening airway obstruction, making prompt removal crucial. Option A) persistent wheeze is not a primary indication for rigid bronchoscopy. Wheezing can be caused by various respiratory conditions that may not require bronchoscopy for diagnosis or treatment. Option C) atelectasis can sometimes be managed conservatively or with other interventions before considering bronchoscopy. Option D) persistent bronchitis or bronchiolitis typically do not necessitate rigid bronchoscopy unless there is a specific indication, such as suspected airway obstruction or other complications. Educationally, understanding the appropriate indications for rigid bronchoscopy in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children with respiratory distress. It is essential to recognize when this intervention is warranted to ensure timely and effective management of potentially life-threatening situations like foreign body aspiration. Nurses must be knowledgeable about the different respiratory conditions and their respective management strategies to provide optimal care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In cystic fibrosis, a common complication is respiratory distress due to thick mucus obstructing airways. This leads to impaired gas exchange, resulting in hypoxia and hypercapnia. The arterial blood gas (ABG) study in cystic fibrosis typically shows a pattern of chronic respiratory acidosis. Option D, "hyponatraemic hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis," is the correct answer. In cystic fibrosis, patients lose excessive salt in their sweat, leading to hyponatremia and hypochloremia. Respiratory acidosis causes the body to compensate by retaining bicarbonate, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Option A, "hypernatraemic hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis," is incorrect as hypernatremia is not typically seen in cystic fibrosis due to salt losses. Option B, "hyponatraemic hypochloremic metabolic acidosis," is incorrect as metabolic acidosis is not the expected compensation for respiratory distress in cystic fibrosis. Option C, "hyponatraemic hyperchloraemic metabolic alkalosis," is incorrect because hyperchloremia is not a common feature in cystic fibrosis-related respiratory distress. Understanding ABG interpretation in cystic fibrosis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the specific ABG patterns can guide appropriate nursing interventions and help in maintaining optimal respiratory function for these patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the pediatric population, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a commonly encountered risk factor for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). This autoimmune disorder leads to an increased risk of blood clots due to the presence of antibodies that target phospholipids in the blood vessel walls, promoting clot formation. Option A, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, is the correct answer because it directly predisposes individuals, including children, to thrombotic events. Hematologic malignancies (Option B), although they can increase the risk of thrombosis, are not as commonly associated with DVT and PE in the pediatric population as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Sickle cell disease (Option C) is more closely linked to vaso-occlusive crises and acute chest syndrome rather than DVT and PE. Nephrotic syndrome (Option D) can lead to hypercoagulability, but it is not as prevalent a risk factor for DVT and PE in children as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Educationally, understanding the unique risk factors for DVT and PE in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for this population. Recognizing the association between antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and thrombotic events can guide preventative measures and prompt early intervention to reduce the risk of life-threatening complications such as PE. Identifying and addressing these risk factors promptly can significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of care.