A mother brought her daughter, 4 years old, to the RHU because of cough and colds. Following the IMCI assessment guide, which of the following is a danger sign that indicates the need for urgent referral to a hospital?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inability to drink. This indicates a danger sign that requires urgent referral to a hospital according to the IMCI assessment guide. Inability to drink can lead to dehydration and is a critical sign that the child may need immediate medical attention. High grade fever (B) is concerning but may not always require urgent hospital referral. Signs of severe dehydration (C) are serious but may not be as immediately life-threatening as the inability to drink. Cough for more than 30 days (D) is a chronic symptom and does not necessarily indicate an acute danger sign requiring urgent referral.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because residual spraying of insecticides at night helps to kill mosquitoes that transmit malaria, reducing the risk of infection. This method targets the vector directly, interrupting the transmission cycle. A: Planting neem or eucalyptus trees may have some insect-repellent properties, but it is not a primary method of preventing malaria transmission. C: Determining endemic areas is important for overall prevention strategies, but it does not directly address secondary prevention measures like mosquito control. D: Growing larva-eating fish can help reduce mosquito larvae, but it is more of a primary prevention method rather than secondary prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cough for 3 weeks. This indicates the need for sputum examination for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) because a persistent cough for 3 weeks can be a symptom of tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an AFB. Sputum examination helps in diagnosing tuberculosis by detecting the presence of AFB in the sputum. Choice A (Hematemesis) is not indicative of the need for sputum examination for AFB as it suggests blood in vomit, which is not a typical symptom of tuberculosis. Choice B (Fever for 1 week) is nonspecific and can be caused by various infections, not specifically tuberculosis. It does not directly suggest the need for sputum examination for AFB. Choice D (Chest pain for 1 week) is also nonspecific and can be caused by various conditions, not specifically tuberculosis. It does not directly indicate the need for s

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because having the health worker or a responsible family member monitor drug intake ensures regular and accurate medication adherence. This approach provides direct supervision and support, increasing treatment compliance. A: Having the health worker follow up at home may not be feasible for all patients and may not ensure consistent monitoring. C: Having the patient come to the health center every month may not guarantee adherence between visits. D: Having a target list to check drug collection does not directly monitor drug intake, potentially leading to missed doses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because multibacillary leprosy is characterized by more than 5 skin lesions and a positive slit skin smear indicating a high bacterial load. Having 5 lesions and a positive smear aligns with the criteria for multibacillary leprosy diagnosis. Choices A, B, and C do not meet the criteria for multibacillary leprosy as they either have less than 5 lesions or a negative slit skin smear. Thus, D is the correct choice based on the definition and diagnostic criteria of multibacillary leprosy.