A mother brought her 10 month old infant for consultation because of fever which started 4 days prior to consultation. To determine malaria risk, what will you do?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Get a specimen for blood smear. To determine malaria risk in an infant with fever, a blood smear is essential for diagnosing the presence of malaria parasites. This test directly visualizes the parasites in the blood, providing a definitive diagnosis. A: Doing a tourniquet test is used to assess for dengue fever, not malaria. B: Asking where the family resides may provide information on malaria endemic areas but does not confirm the diagnosis. D: Asking if the fever is present every day is not specific to malaria and does not provide a definitive diagnosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cough for 3 weeks. This indicates the need for sputum examination for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) because a persistent cough for 3 weeks can be a symptom of tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an AFB. Sputum examination helps in diagnosing tuberculosis by detecting the presence of AFB in the sputum. Choice A (Hematemesis) is not indicative of the need for sputum examination for AFB as it suggests blood in vomit, which is not a typical symptom of tuberculosis. Choice B (Fever for 1 week) is nonspecific and can be caused by various infections, not specifically tuberculosis. It does not directly suggest the need for sputum examination for AFB. Choice D (Chest pain for 1 week) is also nonspecific and can be caused by various conditions, not specifically tuberculosis. It does not directly indicate the need for s

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because having the health worker or a responsible family member monitor drug intake ensures regular and accurate medication adherence. This approach provides direct supervision and support, increasing treatment compliance. A: Having the health worker follow up at home may not be feasible for all patients and may not ensure consistent monitoring. C: Having the patient come to the health center every month may not guarantee adherence between visits. D: Having a target list to check drug collection does not directly monitor drug intake, potentially leading to missed doses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because multibacillary leprosy is characterized by more than 5 skin lesions and a positive slit skin smear indicating a high bacterial load. Having 5 lesions and a positive smear aligns with the criteria for multibacillary leprosy diagnosis. Choices A, B, and C do not meet the criteria for multibacillary leprosy as they either have less than 5 lesions or a negative slit skin smear. Thus, D is the correct choice based on the definition and diagnostic criteria of multibacillary leprosy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Proper use of sanitary toilets. This is the most effective way to control schistosomiasis in an endemic area because it interrupts the life cycle of the parasite by preventing human waste from contaminating water sources. Molluscicides target snails, the intermediate host, but may not be sustainable. Building foot bridges and using protective footwear help reduce exposure but do not address the root cause. Sanitary toilets directly address the transmission route, making it the most effective control measure.