A mother brings her unconscious 14-year-old son to the emergency department. He was found in his bedroom by his mother appearing agitated and sweaty. He complains of a feeling of ants crawling under his skin and a dry mouth. The mother suspects that he has been abusing his brother's prescription ADHD medicine, showing an empty pill bottle. What should he be given now?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose. In this case, the 14-year-old boy likely ingested his brother's ADHD medicine, which could contain a benzodiazepine. The presentation of agitation, sweating, sensation of ants crawling under his skin, and dry mouth are indicative of benzodiazepine overdose. Option A) Ammonium chloride is used to treat metabolic alkalosis, not benzodiazepine overdose. Option B) Epinephrine is used for severe allergic reactions or cardiac arrest, not benzodiazepine overdose. Option D) Pilocarpine is a cholinergic drug used for conditions like glaucoma and dry mouth, not benzodiazepine overdose. Educationally, understanding the appropriate use of medications in overdose situations is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in emergency settings. Recognizing the signs of overdose and knowing the specific antidotes or reversal agents is essential for providing timely and effective care to patients. In this case, administering flumazenil can help reverse the effects of the benzodiazepine overdose and potentially save the patient's life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Antihistamines for allergies (e.g., diphenhydramine) target H1 receptors , blocking histamine's effects like itching or sneezing. B1 and B2 receptors (choices B, C) involve adrenergic responses (e.g., heart rate, bronchodilation), unrelated to histamine. C1 isn't a recognized receptor. H1 blockade is the mechanism for allergy relief, making choice A correct, reflecting antihistamines' specific pharmacological action critical for nurses to understand.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the best response by the nurse is option D, which is "When he has a dry cough and cannot rest." This is the correct answer because cough medicines, especially those containing antitussives, are typically given to suppress a dry, non-productive cough that is interfering with the child's ability to rest and sleep. Option A, "When he is coughing up green secretions," is incorrect because the presence of green secretions does not necessarily indicate the need for cough medicine. Green sputum may suggest a bacterial infection, but the color alone is not an indication for cough medicine. Option B, "When he has a temperature over 102°F," is also incorrect as the presence of a fever alone does not warrant the use of cough medicine. Fever management and the use of antipyretics would be more appropriate in this situation. Option C, "When he has bronchitis," is incorrect because the treatment for bronchitis would depend on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. Cough medicines may not always be indicated for bronchitis, especially if it is caused by a viral infection. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the appropriate indications for administering medications to pediatric patients. This question highlights the importance of assessing the nature of the cough and its impact on the child's rest before recommending the use of cough medicine. Nurses should always consider the holistic needs of the child and tailor their interventions accordingly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist, lowers BP but risks rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly. Tapering off shows understanding, preventing this danger. Stopping if normal or extra doses risk instability. Chewing isn't advised'oral absorption suffices. Tapering aligns with clonidine's withdrawal risk, critical in hypertension management, making C the statement of effective teaching.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.