A mother brings her 4-month-old infant to the clinic. The mother asks the nurse when she should wean the infant from breastfeeding and begin using a cup. The nurse should explain that the infant will show readiness to be weaned by...

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Shortening the nursing time. The rationale behind this is that as infants grow and develop, they start to become more efficient at feeding and may nurse for shorter durations. This indicates that the infant is becoming more adept at extracting milk and may be ready to transition to other feeding methods. Option A) Taking solid foods well is incorrect because introducing solid foods is a separate developmental milestone from weaning from breastfeeding. Option B) Sleeping through the night is unrelated to the readiness to wean from breastfeeding. Option D) Eating on a regular schedule is also not a sign of readiness to wean from breastfeeding as it pertains more to establishing feeding routines rather than weaning specifically. From an educational perspective, it is crucial for nurses and caregivers to understand the signs of readiness to wean from breastfeeding to ensure a smooth transition for both the infant and the mother. By recognizing these signs, caregivers can support the infant's transition to other feeding methods at an appropriate developmental stage, promoting healthy growth and development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B: Animism. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, animism is a concept where children attribute lifelike qualities to inanimate objects. Children in the preoperational stage, where fear of the dark commonly occurs, often believe that objects possess feelings, intentions, and human-like qualities. This leads to fear of darkness as they may believe that objects in the dark come to life or have malicious intent. Option A, Reversibility, refers to the understanding that actions can be reversed. This concept is more closely related to tasks like pouring water back and forth between different glasses, not the fear of darkness. Option C, Conservation of matter, involves understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its shape changes. It is not directly related to the fear of darkness. Option D, Object permanence, is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not in sight. While important in a child's cognitive development, it does not directly explain the fear of darkness. Understanding Piaget's stages of cognitive development can help nurses and caregivers comprehend children's behaviors and fears. By recognizing that fear of darkness is linked to animism, adults can provide appropriate support and reassurance to help children overcome their fear in a developmentally appropriate way.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Social development. When the nurse asks the girl about her best friend, she is assessing the child's social development. Social development in children involves their ability to form relationships, interact with peers, communicate effectively, and understand social cues. By inquiring about the child's best friend, the nurse is evaluating the girl's social skills, friendships, and overall social well-being. Option A) Language development is incorrect because asking about a best friend pertains more to social interactions rather than language skills. Option B) Motor development is irrelevant in this context as it focuses on physical movement and coordination, which are not being assessed by asking about a best friend. Option C) Neurological development is also not the most appropriate choice as it pertains to the brain and nervous system functioning, which is not directly related to inquiring about friendships. Educationally, understanding the importance of assessing social development in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers. Strong social skills contribute to a child's overall well-being, emotional health, and future relationships. By evaluating social development, healthcare professionals can identify any potential concerns early on and provide appropriate support and interventions to promote healthy social growth in children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Include the child in meal planning and preparation. This option promotes a collaborative approach between the mother and child in making healthier food choices. By involving the child in meal planning and preparation, he can learn about nutrition, develop a sense of ownership over his food choices, and cultivate lifelong healthy eating habits. Option A) Limit the child's between-meal snacks is incorrect because simply restricting snacks without addressing overall dietary habits and lifestyle changes may not be effective in promoting sustainable weight management. Option B) Prohibit the child from playing outside if he eats snacks is not appropriate as it punishes the child for eating snacks and discourages physical activity, which is essential for overall health. Option D) Limit the child's calorie intake to 1,200kCal/day is not suitable for a growing 10-year-old boy as it may lead to inadequate nutrition and hinder proper growth and development. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to empower families to make informed decisions regarding healthy lifestyle changes rather than enforcing strict rules. By involving children in meal planning, they can develop a positive relationship with food and take an active role in fostering their own well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) "They will fade to silvery lines but won't disappear completely." This response is the best choice because it provides the patient with a realistic expectation regarding the fate of stretch marks postpartum. It acknowledges that the marks will not completely vanish but will fade over time, which is an accurate and honest explanation. Option A, "No, never," is incorrect because it provides a definitive and discouraging response without considering the possibility of improvement. Option B, "Yes, eventually," is vague and does not give a clear timeframe or outcome, lacking the specificity needed to address the patient's concerns effectively. Option D, "They will continue to fade and should be gone by your 6-week checkup," is incorrect as it sets an unrealistic expectation of total disappearance within a short timeframe. This answer lacks accuracy and may lead to disappointment or confusion for the patient. From an educational perspective, this question highlights the importance of providing patients with honest and realistic information about their postpartum changes. It also emphasizes the significance of effective communication skills in addressing patient concerns and setting appropriate expectations. Educating nurses on how to deliver truthful yet empathetic responses can enhance patient trust and satisfaction in their care.