A mother asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are inflamed and not functioning properly, leading to a decrease in urinary output. As the condition improves, the kidneys are able to filter and excrete waste products more effectively, resulting in an increase in urinary output. This is the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving because it shows that the kidneys are starting to function better. Blood pressure stabilization, increased energy, and absence of protein in the urine may also be positive signs of improvement, but an increase in urinary output is the most direct and specific indicator of improved kidney function in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tachycardia, which is an abnormally fast heart rate, is a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning there is a narrow range between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose. Symptoms of digoxin toxicity can manifest in the cardiovascular system, such as tachycardia, as well as in other systems of the body. Tachycardia is often seen in cases of digoxin toxicity due to its effects on the heart's electrical conduction system. Other common signs of digoxin toxicity include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, confusion, and arrhythmias. It is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients receiving digoxin closely and educate them about the signs and symptoms of toxicity to prevent adverse outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Infection is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation. Following transplantation, patients are at a higher risk of infections due to the immunosuppressive medications they must take to prevent organ rejection. These medications suppress the immune system's responses, leaving the patient susceptible to various infections such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, these infections can lead to serious complications and even death in heart transplant recipients. Therefore, the careful monitoring and management of infections are crucial in post-transplant care to improve outcomes and prevent mortality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Recording the color of drainage from each tube and catheter is crucial in the nursing care plan as it provides a means for further comparison and evaluation. Changes in the color of drainage can indicate potential issues such as infection, bleeding, or other complications post-surgery. By monitoring the color of drainage, the nurse can identify any abnormal changes early on and take appropriate actions to address them promptly. This practice helps in assessing the patient's condition and ensuring optimal recovery and healing after the surgery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a client undergoes treatment for a malignant tumor requiring a urinary diversion procedure, such as a urostomy, it is crucial for nurses to closely monitor for any signs of leakage of urine or stool from the anastomosis site. This is important because it can indicate complications such as infection, poor wound healing, or a breakdown in the surgical site. Detecting and addressing leakage promptly can help prevent further complications and ensure the client's recovery progresses smoothly. While the other options may be important aspects of nursing care, observing for leakage of urine or stool from the anastomosis is the most critical factor in managing clients undergoing treatment for a malignant tumor affecting the urinary system.