A mother asks a nurse when her daughter should get immunized again for human papilloma virus (HPV). What is the nurse’s most appropriate response to this question?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Between the ages of 11 and 26 years is the recommended time for this immunization. The HPV vaccine is recommended for females aged 11-26 to prevent HPV infections, which can lead to cervical cancer. Starting vaccination early provides the best protection before potential exposure to the virus. Option A is incorrect as waiting until sexual activity can leave the individual vulnerable to HPV. Option B is incorrect as the recommended age range is 11-26, not 25-30. Option D is incorrect as the timing of menstrual periods is not a factor in determining when to get the HPV vaccine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because testicular torsion presents with sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the scrotum. This is due to the twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to compromised blood flow to the testicle. The severe pain is a key indicator of this emergency condition, as it indicates ischemia and necrosis of the testicle if not promptly treated. Choice A is incorrect because a light red glow on transillumination is not a typical finding in testicular torsion. Choice B is incorrect because testicular edema in torsion is usually associated with pain. Choice C is incorrect because a pulling sensation and dull ache are more commonly seen in conditions like epididymitis rather than testicular torsion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Running 7 to 8 miles daily can lead to amenorrhea due to excessive exercise-induced stress on the body, affecting hormone levels and menstrual cycle. This is known as exercise-induced amenorrhea. Choices A, C, and D do not directly correlate with amenorrhea. Choice A indicates a healthy calcium intake. Choice C suggests the presence of an IUD, which is not typically associated with amenorrhea. Choice D indicates a history of STI, which may not directly cause amenorrhea.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Increasing exercise intensity can lead to decreased body fat percentage, impacting hormonal balance and causing irregular periods. This is known as athletic amenorrhea. Choice A is incorrect as it does not address the physiological impact of excessive exercise on menstrual cycles. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they refer to eating disorder behaviors, which are not directly related to the client's concern of irregular periods due to increased exercise.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because crossing-over occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, not between sister chromatids. This genetic exchange results in genetic variation. Fragmentation is followed by regeneration in some organisms, asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, and ovoviviparous embryos do get nourishment from the egg yolk.