A middle-aged woman is 40 pounds over her ideal weight. Which of the following statements best illustrates the effect of her self-concept on health and illness?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer, B, is the best illustration of the effect of self-concept on health and illness because it demonstrates a negative self-perception that can hinder motivation for positive change. The statement reflects a defeatist attitude and lack of belief in the possibility of improvement, which can lead to a cycle of poor self-care habits and negative health outcomes. A: This statement focuses on external factors as the reason for not prioritizing health, rather than internal self-perception. C: This statement compares oneself to others and reflects more on external appearance rather than personal self-concept. D: This statement suggests external validation from others as the reason for maintaining the current weight, rather than self-perception influencing health decisions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The legal source of rules for nurses is the Nurse Practice Acts. These acts are state laws that define the scope of nursing practice and set standards for licensure. They outline the legal duties and responsibilities of nurses. Choice A, agency policies, and protocols are internal rules and do not have the same legal authority. Choice B, the US Constitution, does not specifically regulate nursing practice. Choice C, the American Nurses Association, provides guidelines and standards but does not have the force of law like Nurse Practice Acts. Therefore, the correct answer is D because it is the primary legal source governing nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: facilitating coping. By referring the patient to a support group, the nurse is helping the patient cope with the emotional and psychological challenges of living with a new colostomy. This falls under the holistic care approach of nursing, addressing the patient's mental well-being. A: promoting health and B: preventing illness focus more on proactive measures to maintain health and prevent diseases, which are not directly related to the situation of the patient with a new colostomy. C: restoring health typically involves interventions to bring a patient back to their previous state of health, which may not apply to a patient with a permanent colostomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because clients often develop maladaptive coping strategies in response to stress, which can negatively impact their health and well-being. By assessing for maladaptive coping strategies, the nurse can tailor interventions to help clients develop healthier coping mechanisms. Choice A is incorrect because stress levels may vary among individuals and are not necessarily higher than in the past. Choice B is incorrect as stress can often be predicted based on various factors. Choice D is incorrect as the increase in mental illness does not directly correlate with the need for stress reduction interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Promoting a heart-healthy diet is essential for a client who just had a massive MI to reduce stress on the heart and prevent further complications. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help manage cholesterol levels and blood pressure, reducing the workload on the heart. Encouraging smoking cessation (B) is also important as smoking increases the risk of another MI. While adequate sleep (C) and low-intensity exercise (D) are beneficial for overall health, they may not be suitable immediately after a massive MI due to the need for rest and careful monitoring of physical activity.