A middle-aged adult man has just started an exercise program. What would the nurse teach him about timing of exercise and sleep?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exercise impacts sleep via arousal and body temperature effects, and timing matters. 'Exercise within 2 hours of bedtime can hinder ability to sleep' is correct; it raises heart rate, adrenaline, and core temperaturee.g., a 7 p.m. run might delay sleep onset from 10 p.m. to midnightcountering melatonin's cooling effect. Choice A, 'exercise immediately before bedtime enhances ability to sleep,' is false; while exercise generally aids sleep, late timing stimulates, not sedates, per sleep research (e.g., ACSM guidelines). Choice C, 'the time of day does not matter,' ignores circadian rhythm; morning or afternoon exercise (e.g., 3 p.m.) boosts sleep quality without delay. Choice D, 'the fatigue from exercise may be a hindrance,' misattributes; fatigue aids sleep if timed right (e.g., 5 p.m.). Nurses teach patients to finish vigorous activity 3-4 hours before bed, per Taylor, making Choice B the correct guidance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sleep deprivation's health impacts are well-studied. 'Obesity' is confirmed; insufficient sleepe.g., <6 hours vs. 7-9disrupts ghrelin/leptin, increasing appetitee.g., 300 extra calories dailyper NIH research cited in Taylor. 'Anxiety' rises with sleep losse.g., amygdala overactivitybut isn't as universally confirmed as obesity's metabolic link. 'Diabetes' risks increasee.g., insulin resistancebut obesity often mediates this. 'Hypertension' correlatese.g., BP up 5 mmHgbut evidence is less direct than obesity's 50% risk jump in kids/adults. Sleep loss' hormonal chaose.g., cortisol spikesdrives weight gain, making Choice A the correct, most established condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute pain's protective role lies in its signaling function. 'It warns an individual of tissue damage or disease' is correct because it acts as an alarme.g., a sharp stab from appendicitis prompts seeking care, per Taylor's pain physiology. This nociceptive response, via A-delta fibers, alerts the brain to injury (e.g., a burn) or pathology (e.g., infection), preventing further harm by triggering withdrawal or rest. Choice B, 'increase personal strength,' is false; pain doesn't build resilience biologicallye.g., enduring a fracture doesn't fortify bones. Choice C, 'it serves no purpose,' dismisses its evolutionary role; without pain, unnoticed injuries (e.g., cuts) could fester. Choice D, 'aids diagnosis,' is a secondary benefite.g., physicians use it to locate issuesbut not its primary protective nature, which is patient-driven. For instance, pulling a hand from a hot stove is instinctive, not diagnostic. Acute pain's immediacy contrasts chronic pain's persistence, making Choice A the correct, fundamental reason it safeguards health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Past pain experiences shape future reactions. 'One who had pain but got adequate relief' is correcte.g., a prior surgery with good analgesia (e.g., 2/10 post-op) builds trust, lowering anxiety, per Taylor's psychology. Choice B, 'did not get relief,' heightens feare.g., 8/10 untreated pain breeds dread. Choice C, 'chronic pain for years,' often increases anxietye.g., fibromyalgia's unpredictability exhausts coping. Choice D, 'multiple pain experiences,' variese.g., relief or not determines outlook, too vague. A patient recalling, 'Last time, meds worked fast,' expects control, reducing fight-or-flight responses (e.g., pulse drops 10 bpm). Positive reinforcement eases pain perception, making Choice A the best fit.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pain-relieving drugs have a clear label. 'Analgesic' is the terme.g., ibuprofen or morphine reduces pain, per Taylor's pharmacology. 'Antacid' neutralizes stomach acide.g., Tums, not pain-specific. 'Antihistamine' blocks histaminee.g., diphenhydramine for allergies, not analgesia. 'Antibiotic' fights infectione.g., penicillin, not pain. Analgesicse.g., NSAIDs or opioidstarget nociception or perception, a nurse's focus in pain plans. Choice C is the precise, correct term.