ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A method to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Folate supplementation 1 month before conception reducneural tube defect (NTD) incidence by 50-70%, per CDC, supporting neurulation by day 28 post-conception. Starting at 12 weeks is too late; neurulation is complete. Avoiding STDs prevents infections, not NTDs. Chromosomal screening identifitrisomies, not NTDs. Preconception folatpreventive timing, per public health data, make B the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A 6-year-old recovering from chickenpox becomataxic and unable to walk, with normal exam otherwise. The most likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-varicella cerebellar ataxia is a common, self-limited complication in children, onset days after chickenpox, causing acute ataxia with normal cognition. Encephalitis involvfever and altered mentation. Thrombosis causfocal deficits. Demyelination (e.g., ADEM) is rarer, often post-vaccination. Chorea involvmovements, not ataxia. Cerebellar ataxias viral link makes C the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A 9-year-old female presented with acne that was resistant to treatment, examination revealed fibrovascular lesions on the nose and malar regions. She gave history of seizurstarted in early infancy. This skin lesion is called
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adenoma sebaceum are fibrovascular facial lesions (angiofibromas) in tuberous sclerosis, fitting this 9-year-old with resistant acne-like lesions and infantile seizures. Café au lait maculare flat, brown, in NF1. Ash-leaf spots are hypopigmented in tuberous sclerosis, not facial. Shagreen patch is lumbosacral, not facial. Fibromas are peripheral. Tuberous sclerosiss triad (seizures, intellectual disability, skin lesions) and adenomas malar distribution make B the correct answer, per diagnostic criteria.
Question 4 of 5
The usual normal posture of a full term healthy infant is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Full-term infants exhibit flexion of lower and upper extremiti, per neonatal norms, due to physiologic flexor tone from corticospinal immaturity. Fencing posture is asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, not resting state. Mixed flexion-extension (C-D) or full extension suggest hypotonia or prematurity. Flexion reflects healthy tone, making B the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Visual acuity reach20/20 at age of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Visual acuity reach20/20 by 6 months , per AAP, as retina and visual cortex mature, allowing fine discrimination. Earlier (A-B, 2-4 months) acuity is ~20/200; later (D-E, 8-10 months) refinfurther. Six months marks this milestone, making C the correct answer.