A maternal-newborn nurse is caring for a mother who just delivered a baby born with Down syndrome. Which nursing diagnosis would be the most essential in caring for the mother of this infant?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: This mother will likely experience a disruption in the family process related to the birth of a baby with an inherited disorder. Therefore, the probable nursing diagnosis for this family is 'Interrupted family processes.' Women commonly experience 'body image disturbances in the postpartum period'; however, this nursing diagnosis is unrelated to giving birth to a child with Down syndrome. The mother will likely have a mix of emotions that may include anxiety, guilt, and denial, but this nursing diagnosis is not the most essential for this family. 'Risk for injury' is not an applicable nursing diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Myotonia and vasocongestion. In the context of the physiologic process of sexual response, myotonia refers to muscle tension or contractions, while vasocongestion refers to the engorgement of blood vessels in the genital area. These two processes are key components of the sexual response cycle as described by Masters and Johnson. Option A) Coitus, masturbation, and fantasy, is incorrect because it does not specifically describe the physiological processes involved in the sexual response. Option C) Erection and orgasm, is incorrect as it only highlights two stages of the sexual response cycle and does not encompass the full physiological response. Option D) Excitement, plateau, and orgasm, is incorrect as it describes the phases of sexual response according to Masters and Johnson, but does not directly address the physiological processes of myotonia and vasocongestion. Understanding the physiological aspects of the sexual response is crucial in the field of maternal newborn nursing. By comprehending these processes, healthcare providers can better assist and educate individuals on sexual health, reproductive physiology, and prenatal care. This knowledge is essential for promoting healthy pregnancies, addressing sexual concerns, and providing comprehensive care to expectant mothers and newborns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The guiding principle of preconception care, as indicated by option C, is to encourage healthy lifestyles for families desiring pregnancy. This option is correct because preconception care focuses on optimizing a woman's health before becoming pregnant to improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby. By promoting healthy behaviors such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, avoiding harmful substances, and managing chronic conditions, preconception care aims to enhance fertility, reduce the risk of birth defects and pregnancy complications, and promote overall well-being. Option A is incorrect because preconception care is not solely about preventing pregnancy complications but rather about proactively promoting health before conception occurs. Option B is also incorrect as the goal of preconception care is not to identify who should not become pregnant but rather to support all women in optimizing their health for potential pregnancy. Option D is incorrect because preconception care encompasses more than just informing women about prenatal care; it involves comprehensive health promotion strategies before conception. In an educational context, understanding the guiding principle of preconception care is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working in maternal newborn health. By recognizing the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles before pregnancy, healthcare professionals can empower women to take control of their health, increase their chances of a healthy pregnancy, and contribute to positive maternal and neonatal outcomes. Teaching this principle to students and practitioners helps them provide holistic and proactive care to women during their reproductive years.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of ethical issues in maternal newborn nursing, understanding the female reproductive system is crucial. The correct answer to the question "Which female reproductive organ(s) is(are) responsible for cyclic menstruation?" is option B) Ovaries. Ovaries play a central role in the menstrual cycle by producing hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the cycle and prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. Option A) Uterus, though involved in menstruation by shedding its lining during the cycle, is not responsible for the cyclic nature of menstruation. The uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus during pregnancy. Option C) Vaginal vestibule and option D) Urethra are not directly involved in the menstrual cycle. The vaginal vestibule is the opening to the vagina, and the urethra is responsible for urine elimination. Educationally, understanding the functions of each female reproductive organ is vital for nurses caring for pregnant women or those experiencing menstrual issues. By knowing the roles of the ovaries, uterus, and other organs, nurses can provide informed care, support ethical decision-making, and promote the overall well-being of women during various reproductive stages.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of ethical issues in maternal newborn nursing, understanding the role of fatty acids, specifically prostaglandins (PGs), is crucial for providing optimal care to pregnant individuals. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds found in many body tissues, including the reproductive system, where they play complex roles in various reproductive functions. The correct answer is B) Prostaglandins (PGs) because they are indeed fatty acids classified as hormones that are involved in processes such as uterine contractions, cervical ripening, and initiation of labor. These functions are essential during childbirth and postpartum recovery, making prostaglandins a critical component of maternal newborn nursing care. Option A, GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone), is responsible for regulating the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland to control the menstrual cycle, but it is not a fatty acid classified as a hormone found in body tissues. Option C, FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone), and option D, LH (Luteinizing hormone), are both important hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, but they are not fatty acids and do not have the same widespread presence in body tissues as prostaglandins. Educationally, understanding the role of prostaglandins in reproductive functions helps nurses in maternal newborn care to monitor and support labor progress, manage postpartum complications, and provide informed care to mothers and newborns. This knowledge contributes to ethical decision-making and safe, evidence-based practice in maternal newborn nursing.