A man is terminally ill with end-stage prostate cancer. Which is the best statement about this man’s wellness?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because nursing interventions can focus on enhancing the client's quality of life, comfort, and emotional well-being even in the face of terminal illness. Nurses can provide support, educate the client and family, manage symptoms, and empower the client to find meaning and purpose in their life. This approach contributes to a higher level of wellness by addressing holistic needs beyond just medical interventions. Incorrect choices: A: Wellness can be achieved through various means, not just aggressive medical interventions. B: Wellness is still achievable in terms of emotional, social, and spiritual well-being even with a terminal illness. C: Wellness involves physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects beyond just the absence of disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because regular repositioning and the use of pressure-relieving devices are essential to prevent skin breakdown in immobile older adults. Repositioning helps redistribute pressure, maintaining blood flow to the skin and preventing tissue damage. Pressure-relieving devices such as cushions or special mattresses further reduce pressure on vulnerable areas. Choices A and B do not address the root cause of skin breakdown and may even exacerbate the issue. Choice D is incorrect as complete bed rest can lead to further complications like pressure ulcers. In summary, choice C is the most effective intervention as it directly targets the risk factors for skin breakdown in immobile older adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs. Clients taking immunosuppressant medications have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to developing active tuberculosis. This is due to the fact that the immune system is less able to fight off the bacteria causing tuberculosis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because tuberculosis is not spread by persons with positive skin tests and no symptoms, it is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) not a virus related to HIV, and it typically causes weight loss and not weight gain in the early stages.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Historical. In age-stratification theory, cohort members are described in historical context to explain shared experiences. This theory emphasizes that individuals born around the same time experience similar events shaping their lives. Historical context is crucial as it considers the societal, cultural, and economic factors influencing a specific generation. Choice B, Biological, is incorrect as age-stratification theory focuses on social aspects rather than biological ones. Choice C, Sociological, is broad and doesn't specifically address the historical aspect of cohort description. Choice D, Chronological, is incorrect as it simply refers to the order of events without considering the historical backdrop of a cohort's experiences.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atrophy of dendrites in the cerebral cortex. With aging, there is a natural decline in brain volume and synaptic connections, leading to reduced dendritic branching and synaptic density in the cerebral cortex. This affects processing speed and cognitive functions, requiring more time for older adults to respond to questions. Rationale: A: Increased secretion of cholinesterase is not a physiological change associated with aging that would require more time for answering questions. B: Decreased secretion of neurotransmitters may occur with aging but is not the primary reason for slower processing speed in older adults. C: Loss of spinal cord and brainstem neurons is not the main factor influencing older adults' response time to questions compared to atrophy of dendrites in the cerebral cortex.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because reluctance of older adults to report pain is a significant barrier to effective pain management. Older adults may underreport pain due to various factors such as fear of being seen as a burden, denial of aging-related changes, or belief that pain is a natural part of aging. This can lead to under-treatment of pain and decreased quality of life. Choices A, B, and C are not the most common barriers in this context. Fear of addiction to opioids, insufficient knowledge among healthcare providers, and inadequate access to specialists are important factors but are not as prevalent as older adults' reluctance to report pain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because health disparity refers to variations in health outcomes among different groups due to factors such as socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, etc. This definition accurately captures the essence of health disparity as it highlights the unequal distribution of health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because it refers to cultural elimination, which is not the definition of health disparity. Choice C is incorrect as it talks about differences in expected and actual incidence, not health outcomes among groups. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on values and perspectives rather than health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased risk of falls. Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants that can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination, leading to an increased risk of falls in older adults. This is due to the sedative effects of benzodiazepines, which can affect balance and motor skills. Increased alertness (choice A) is not a common side effect of benzodiazepines, as they typically have a calming and sedating effect. Improved memory (choice C) is also unlikely, as benzodiazepines are more commonly associated with memory impairment. Enhanced muscle strength (choice D) is not a known side effect of benzodiazepines, as they do not directly affect muscle strength. In summary, the correct answer is B because benzodiazepines can increase the risk of falls in older adults due to their sedative properties.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Confusion or cognitive decline. In older adults, dehydration can manifest differently than in younger populations. Cognitive decline is a key sign of dehydration in older adults due to the brain being more sensitive to fluid loss. Dehydration can lead to confusion, disorientation, and impaired cognitive function in older individuals. Dark-colored urine (A) is a common sign of dehydration in all age groups. Increased thirst (B) is a general sign of dehydration but may not be as prominent in older adults due to decreased thirst sensation. Dry mouth and skin (C) are also common signs of dehydration but may not be as reliable indicators in older adults compared to cognitive changes.