A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for sperm production in males. Step 2: FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary gland. Step 3: In males, FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm production. Step 4: Therefore, if a man is not synthesizing enough FSH, it can lead to reduced sperm production and fertility issues. Summary: A: Incorrect - FSH is synthesized by males in the anterior pituitary gland, not just females for estrogen secretion. B: Incorrect - Hormones produced in the adenohypophysis, like FSH, play a crucial role in fertility. D: Incorrect - Progesterone does not inhibit the synthesis of FSH; it is involved in the female reproductive system, not male fertility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: diabetes insipidus. The inability to produce ADH (antidiuretic hormone) results in diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive thirst and urination. ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water retention by the kidneys. Without ADH, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to increased urine output and dehydration. A: Diabetes mellitus is not caused by the inability to produce ADH. It is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin. B: Uterine contractions are not related to the production of ADH. Uterine contractions are primarily controlled by hormones such as oxytocin during labor. D: Decreased urine volume is the opposite of what occurs in diabetes insipidus. In this condition, there is an increase in urine volume due to the inability to concentrate urine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Calcitonin is the correct answer because it is released from the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels to deposit the excess calcium into the bones, decreasing blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone (A) works in the opposite way, increasing blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones. Oxytocin (C) is a hormone involved in labor and breastfeeding, not calcium regulation. Glucagon (D) is released from the pancreas to increase blood glucose levels, not calcium levels. Therefore, calcitonin is the most suitable choice for regulating high blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in the bones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Cushing syndrome is characterized by hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion. 2. Option D states hyposecretion, which is incorrect for Cushing syndrome. 3. Trunk obesity, moon-shaped face, and alkalosis (basic blood pH) are characteristic features of Cushing syndrome. 4. Thus, option D is the correct answer because it is not a true characteristic of Cushing syndrome. Summary: Option D is incorrect because Cushing syndrome is associated with hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, not hyposecretion. Options A, B, and C are true characteristics of Cushing syndrome, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gluconeogenesis is not a function of insulin. Insulin's main role is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake and storage. Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, to increase blood glucose levels. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis by suppressing the enzymes involved in this process. Choices A, B, and D are all functions of insulin: A) Decreasing glycogenolysis - insulin promotes glycogen synthesis by inhibiting glycogen breakdown, B) Lipogenesis - insulin enhances the conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids for storage, and D) Glycogenesis - insulin increases the formation of glycogen from glucose for storage.