A male patient with erectile dysfunction is prescribed sildenafil (Viagra). What specific instruction should the nurse provide to ensure the safe use of this medication?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should provide is to avoid taking nitrates while on sildenafil (Viagra). Combining sildenafil with nitrates can result in severe hypotension due to additive vasodilatory effects. Choice A is incorrect because sildenafil can be taken with or without food. Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific requirement to take sildenafil at bedtime. Choice D is incorrect as taking sildenafil with milk has not been shown to enhance its absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "It inhibits bone resorption, which helps maintain bone density." Bisphosphonates work by inhibiting bone resorption carried out by osteoclasts, thereby preventing the breakdown of bones and helping to maintain or increase bone density in patients with osteoporosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because bisphosphonates do not directly stimulate new bone formation, increase calcium absorption in the intestines, or decrease calcium excretion by the kidneys.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and patient education, the critical information that the nurse should include for a patient prescribed tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is option A: "Tamoxifen may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, so patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of blood clots." This information is crucial because tamoxifen, as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can indeed increase the risk of venous thromboembolism due to its estrogen-like effects on the body. Patients need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of blood clots, such as swelling, redness, warmth, or pain in the extremities, chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing up blood, as early detection and intervention are key in preventing serious complications. The other options are incorrect: B) Weight gain as a side effect of tamoxifen is possible, but it is not as critical or potentially life-threatening as venous thromboembolism. C) While tamoxifen may have a protective effect on bone density, it is not the most critical piece of information to prioritize in patient education compared to the risk of venous thromboembolism. D) Hot flashes and menopausal symptoms are common side effects of tamoxifen but are not as urgent as educating the patient about the risk of venous thromboembolism. In an educational context, emphasizing the most critical and potentially life-threatening side effects of medications is paramount to ensure patient safety and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan. Patient education plays a vital role in empowering individuals to monitor their health, recognize warning signs, and seek timely medical attention when needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Alendronate should be taken with a full glass of water, and patients should remain upright for at least 30 minutes to prevent esophageal irritation and ensure proper absorption. This positioning helps reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ensures adequate drug absorption. Choice B is incorrect because alendronate should be taken with water, not milk. Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific advantage to taking alendronate at bedtime. Choice D is incorrect because taking alendronate with food may interfere with its absorption.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use of nitrates. Sildenafil (Viagra) is contraindicated in patients taking nitrates due to the risk of severe hypotension. Nitrates and sildenafil both cause vasodilation, which can lead to a dangerous drop in blood pressure. Choice B (Use of antihypertensive medications) is incorrect because antihypertensive medications are not a critical contraindication for sildenafil use. Choice C (History of hypertension) is incorrect as it is not a contraindication for sildenafil; in fact, sildenafil is sometimes used in patients with hypertension. Choice D (History of peptic ulcer disease) is also incorrect as it is not a critical contraindication for sildenafil use.