A male client with a recent history of rectal bleeding is being prepared for a colonoscopy. How should the nurse position the client for this test initially?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lying on the left side with knees bent. This position allows for better visualization and access to the colon during the colonoscopy procedure. By lying on the left side, the client's colon is in a more optimal position for the scope to navigate through the colon. Additionally, bending the knees helps to relax the abdominal muscles and make the procedure more comfortable for the client. Incorrect choices: A: Lying on the right side with legs straight - This position does not provide optimal access to the colon and may make the procedure more difficult. C: Prone with the torso elevated - This position is not suitable for a colonoscopy as it does not allow for proper access to the colon. D: Bent over with hands touching the floor - This position is not recommended for a colonoscopy as it is not conducive to the procedure and may cause discomfort for the client.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: moist stratified squamous epithelium. The lips require a moist lining to prevent dehydration and facilitate movement. Stratified squamous epithelium is ideal for areas subjected to wear and tear, like the lips. The stratified nature provides protection, while the squamous cells allow flexibility and ease of movement. The moist aspect is crucial to maintain hydration and prevent drying out. Summary: - Choice B (dry stratified squamous) is incorrect because the lips need a moist lining. - Choice C (simple columnar) is incorrect because columnar epithelium is not typically found on the lips. - Choice D (pseudostratified columnar) is incorrect as it is not the most suitable type of epithelium for the lips' functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the uvula and soft palate actually move superiorly, not inferiorly, during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx and prevent food or liquid from entering the nasal cavity. A) The larynx raises to prevent food from entering the trachea. B) The epiglottis moves anteriorly to cover the glottis and prevent aspiration. D) The vestibular folds move laterally to help seal off the airway during swallowing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: mixing waves. Mixing waves are the stomach contractions that help mix the chyme near the periphery of the stomach and move it towards the pyloric sphincter for further digestion. Peristaltic waves (B) are rhythmic contractions that propel food through the digestive system, not specifically in the stomach. The pyloric pump (A) is not a recognized term in gastrointestinal physiology. Mass movements (D) refer to contractions in the large intestine that move feces towards the rectum, not in the stomach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C: urea. Ammonia is toxic and needs to be converted into a less toxic form for excretion. The liver combines ammonia with carbon dioxide to form urea through the urea cycle. Urea is water-soluble and is excreted by the kidneys in urine. Cholesterol (A) is a lipid molecule, bilirubin (B) is a by-product of heme metabolism, and uric acid (D) is a by-product of purine metabolism. These molecules are not formed from the combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide and are not excreted in the kidneys.