A male client is asking the nurse a question regarding the Mantoux test for tuberculosis. The nurse should base her response on the fact that the:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The Mantoux test for tuberculosis is a skin test that detects the presence of the tuberculosis bacteria in the body. It does not differentiate between active and dormant infection because it only measures the immune response to the infection. The presence of a wheal or area of redness at the injection site is a normal response to the test and does not indicate active tuberculosis. Measuring the area of redness in 3 days or requiring a second test in 3 months are not accurate statements about the Mantoux test. Therefore, the best response is B as it aligns with the purpose and limitations of the Mantoux test.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tuberculosis. Hemoptysis is a hallmark symptom of tuberculosis due to the erosion of blood vessels in the lungs by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The persistent cough in tuberculosis is often productive and accompanied by bloody sputum. Emphysema (A) is characterized by shortness of breath and wheezing, not hemoptysis. Cystic fibrosis (B) presents with thick mucus production, not bloody sputum. Sinusitis (C) typically causes nasal congestion and facial pain, not hemoptysis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: tidal volume. Tidal volume is the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs during normal breathing. It represents the normal, resting breathing pattern. Inspirational capacity (A) is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold after a maximum inhalation. Reserve volume (B) is the additional air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation. Alveolar volume (D) refers to the amount of air in the alveoli available for gas exchange. Tidal volume best represents the amount of air exchanged during normal breathing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Surface tension in alveolar fluid is reduced by surfactant, a substance that lowers the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli. This helps prevent alveolar collapse during expiration. Mucus (A) and sebum (B) do not play a role in reducing surface tension in the alveoli. Water (D) is a component of alveolar fluid but does not specifically reduce surface tension like surfactant does.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Adam's Apple corresponds to the larynx. The larynx houses the vocal cords and plays a key role in producing sound. The prominent cartilage in the front of the larynx is what forms the Adam's Apple. The epiglottis (A) covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway. The trachea (B) is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs. The thyroid (D) is a gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly relates to the anatomical structure of the Adam's Apple.