A male adult patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving pancuronium bromide (Pavulon), 0.01 mg/kg I.V. as needed. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient needs another pancuronium dose?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fighting the ventilator. This indicates inadequate muscle relaxation, requiring another dose of pancuronium. Leg, finger, and lip movements are not reliable indicators of muscle relaxation in a mechanically ventilated patient. Fighting the ventilator suggests the patient is not adequately sedated or paralyzed, requiring further intervention to maintain optimal ventilation and oxygenation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The airborne route. Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets containing the TB bacteria. These droplets can be inhaled by others, leading to the transmission of the disease. This mode of transmission is supported by scientific evidence and is well-documented in medical literature. Choice A (Hand to mouth) is incorrect because TB is not typically transmitted through direct contact with contaminated hands to mouth. Choice C (The fecal-oral route) is incorrect as TB is not transmitted through fecal-oral route but primarily through respiratory droplets. Choice D (Blood and body fluids) is incorrect as TB is not commonly transmitted through blood or body fluids, but rather through respiratory droplets in the air.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The nurse should point out that the patient is still addicted and using tobacco. This is important because quitting smoking is a positive step, but using chewing tobacco still poses health risks. By highlighting the addiction and continued use of tobacco, the nurse can provide necessary education and support for the patient's overall health. Choice A is incorrect because it fails to address the continued tobacco use. Choice B is also incorrect as it focuses on a specific risk (oral cancer) rather than the broader issue of tobacco addiction. Choice C is incorrect as adding nicotine patches would not address the fact that the patient is still using tobacco in another form.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 78 percent. The rationale is based on the fact that nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. This is a well-known scientific fact supported by various studies and measurements. Option B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the established data on the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, followed by oxygen, which is around 21%. Therefore, option A is the correct choice based on scientific evidence and consensus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Exhaling into a paper bag and rebreathing the exhaled air leads to an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the body. This increase stimulates the carotid bodies, which detect changes in blood chemistry, leading to an increase in breathing rate. This process does not directly alert the brain, as high carbon dioxide levels typically cause drowsiness rather than alertness. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it correctly identifies the effects of rebreathing on both breathing rate and carotid body stimulation. Choice A is incorrect because rebreathing does not directly alert the brain. Choice B is incorrect as rebreathing actually decreases the need for increased breathing rate initially. Choice C alone is incorrect as it does not address the effect on breathing rate.