ATI RN
Immune System Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A major antibody-mediated mechanism of defense against parasitic worms involves:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because neutralization by IgE along the mucosal surface of the gut is a major antibody-mediated mechanism against parasitic worms. IgE binds to antigens on the worm's surface, leading to the release of histamine and other mediators that help expel the worm. Neutrophil degranulation (A) is more associated with bacterial infections, opsonization (B) is mainly for phagocytosis of pathogens, and triggering physiological responses (C) is not a direct antibody-mediated defense against parasitic worms.
Question 2 of 5
A good vaccine will:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Be highly immunogenic. A good vaccine should effectively stimulate the immune system to produce a strong immune response against the targeted pathogen while being safe for the individual. This is crucial for developing immunity without causing harm. Choice A (Be highly pathogenic) is incorrect because a vaccine should not cause disease or harm to the individual receiving it. Choice C (Induce herd immunity in a vaccinated individual) is also incorrect as herd immunity refers to protection of a population, not an individual. In summary, a good vaccine should be highly immunogenic to effectively trigger an immune response without causing harm, leading to protection against the targeted pathogen.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following correctly explains an epitope?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Explanation: An epitope is a specific region on an antigen that elicits the immune response and triggers the production of a specific antibody. Therefore, choice B is correct as it accurately defines an epitope. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe what an epitope is. Choice A refers to the paratope, the region of the antibody that binds to the epitope. Choice C refers to a component of the antibody structure, and choice D refers to a specific region of the antibody structure.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing an injection for an individual who requires passive immunity. In which situation would passive immunity be indicated?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Passive immunity is indicated when an individual needs immediate protection with ready-made antibodies after exposure to pathogens. This is the correct answer (C) as it provides immediate defense without waiting for the body to produce its antibodies. Choice A is incorrect because passive immunity is temporary, not permanent. Choice B is incorrect as it addresses treating allergic reactions, not providing immunity. Choice D is incorrect as a booster dose stimulates the body to produce its antibodies, not providing ready-made antibodies.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an infection. Which immunoglobulin should the nurse understand is produced first when an infection occurs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why IgM is the correct answer: 1. IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced in response to an infection. 2. It is the largest immunoglobulin and is effective in agglutinating pathogens. 3. IgM activates the complement system to enhance immune response. 4. IgG is produced later in the immune response and provides long-term immunity. 5. IgD and IgE have specific roles but are not the initial immunoglobulins produced in response to infection.