A localized infection

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: A localized infection is confined to a specific area of the body. Step 2: Signs and symptoms are typically near the site of the infection. Step 3: Fever and chills are more common in systemic infections. Step 4: Therefore, choice B is correct as it aligns with the definition of a localized infection. Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as fever and chills (A) are not typical, spread throughout the body (C) is not characteristic of a localized infection, and not all localized infections are fatal (D).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Whenever soiled or wet. Bed linens should be changed whenever they are soiled or wet to maintain cleanliness, prevent infections, and ensure comfort for the resident. Changing linens twice a day (A) is excessive and unnecessary unless required for specific medical reasons. Changing linens no more than once a week (B) is insufficient and could lead to hygiene issues. Changing linens only when ordered by the physician (C) may not always align with the resident's immediate needs for cleanliness and comfort.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacterial deposits. Tartar is primarily composed of hardened bacterial plaque that accumulates on teeth when plaque is not adequately removed through brushing and flossing. This process is known as calcification. Tartar buildup can lead to various dental issues. Clenching the teeth (A) refers to a different dental behavior, gum inflammation (B) is a result of poor oral hygiene but not directly related to tartar, and bad-smelling breath (C) can be caused by various factors, including poor oral hygiene, but is not the primary definition of tartar.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To convert 8 ounces to milliliters, we need to know that 1 ounce is approximately equal to 29.5735 milliliters. Therefore, 8 ounces would be 8 x 29.5735 = 236.588 milliliters. Since we are asked to round to the nearest whole number, 240 mL is the correct answer. Choice A (120 mL) is incorrect as it is half of the correct answer. Choice B (80 mL) is incorrect as it is less than half of the correct answer. Choice D (320 mL) is incorrect as it is close but slightly higher than the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is a disorder of the urinary system where the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products from the blood. This leads to a buildup of waste products and toxins in the body, causing various symptoms and complications. Rationale: 1. Chronic renal failure specifically refers to the long-term and progressive decline in kidney function, leading to impaired waste filtration. 2. Urinary tract infection (B) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, not a disorder of kidney filtration. 3. Urinary incontinence (C) is the inability to control urination, not related to kidney filtration. 4. End-stage renal disease (D) is the final stage of chronic renal failure where the kidneys have lost most of their function, making it a severe consequence of chronic renal failure, not the disorder itself.