A laboring patient is 10 cm dilated; however, she does not feel the urge to push. The nurse understands that according to laboring down, the advantages of waiting until an urge to push are which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Less maternal fatigue. Waiting for the urge to push during laboring down helps conserve the mother's energy and prevents exhaustion. Pushing without the urge can lead to ineffective pushing efforts, increasing maternal fatigue. Incorrect choices: B: Less birth canal injuries - Pushing without the urge may increase the risk of birth canal injuries due to ineffective pushing efforts. C: Decreased pushing time - Pushing without the urge may actually prolong pushing time as the efforts may be less effective. D: Faster descent of the fetus - Pushing without the urge may not necessarily result in faster descent of the fetus and can lead to prolonged labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Postterm pregnancy. Induction of labor is considered appropriate for postterm pregnancies to prevent potential complications for the mother and fetus. Postterm pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy that extends beyond 42 weeks gestation, increasing the risk of stillbirth and other adverse outcomes. Therefore, inducing labor in postterm pregnancies can help to ensure the well-being of both the mother and fetus. Rationale for Incorrect Choices: A: Fetal death - Induction of labor is not appropriate in cases of fetal death as there is no live fetus to deliver. C: Rupture of membranes at or near term - Rupture of membranes alone does not always necessitate induction of labor unless there are other medical indications. D: Convenience of the patient or her health care provider - Induction of labor should not be performed for convenience but rather for medical reasons to ensure the safety of the mother and fetus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: lavender oil. Lavender oil is a natural remedy known for its calming and relaxing properties, which can help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation in laboring individuals. It is safe and non-invasive, making it an ideal choice for someone who does not want traditional pain relief methods. Incorrect choices: B: Epidural is a commonly used pain relief method that involves injecting anesthesia into the epidural space, providing effective pain relief but not specifically targeting relaxation and anxiety reduction. C: Nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain) is a synthetic opioid analgesic that can help manage pain but may not address the individual's desire for non-traditional methods. D: Cold rag may provide some temporary relief for discomfort but may not be as effective in promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety compared to the calming effects of lavender oil.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hands and knees. This position can help rotate the fetus from occiput posterior to occiput anterior by allowing gravity to assist in the rotation. Placing the laboring person on hands and knees can help the baby's head shift towards the front, facilitating a more optimal birthing position. Squatting and shower may provide comfort but may not directly encourage the fetus to rotate. Semi-Fowler position may not be as effective in promoting the desired fetal positioning compared to hands and knees.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because open glottis breathing is a common technique during the pushing stage of labor as it helps prevent breath-holding and excessive pressure buildup. By encouraging the person to breathe however is most comfortable, the nurse supports their autonomy and allows them to effectively engage in open glottis breathing. Choice B is incorrect because holding the breath for counts can lead to increased intra-abdominal pressure and is not recommended during pushing. Choice C is incorrect as open glottis breathing is an effective technique for pushing. Choice D is incorrect as healthcare providers typically support the individual's chosen breathing techniques during labor.