A laboratory study is conducted to determine the optimal usage of platelets for transfusion. The blood bank inventory along with the transfusion records and medical records of subjects who were recipients of platelet transfusion are reviewed. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be made from this study?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Platelet transfusions are rarely successful in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Rationale: 1. Patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia have low platelet levels due to immune destruction. 2. Platelet transfusions may not be effective as the underlying autoimmune process continues to destroy transfused platelets. 3. Reviewing transfusion records of these patients would likely show low success rates of platelet transfusions. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Frozen storage of platelets increasing units available is not directly related to the success of platelet transfusions in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. C: Platelet units do carry a risk of transmitting hepatitis C infection, so this conclusion is incorrect. D: Preference for pooled donor platelets over single-donor platelets does not address the success of platelet transfusions in autoimmune thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Extremity. Rhabdomyosarcoma in extremities has a worse prognosis due to difficulties in achieving complete surgical resection and higher risk of metastasis. Extremity tumors are often larger and more challenging to remove completely, leading to a higher chance of recurrence and poor outcomes. Prostate (B) and neck (D) sites are more favorable as they are easier to access for surgery and have lower rates of metastasis. Infratemporal fossa (C) is also a difficult site, but extremity tumors generally have a worse prognosis due to their anatomical and surgical challenges.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensure that valid consent is in the medical record. This is the priority because obtaining informed consent is a legal and ethical requirement before any invasive procedure like a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Without valid consent, the procedure cannot proceed. Administering pain medication (A) can be important, but ensuring consent comes first. Having the client shower (C) is not a priority before the procedure. Premedicating with sedatives (D) may not be necessary for every client and should be based on individual assessment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'You have lower levels of plasma proteins in the blood.' As we age, there is a decline in the production of plasma proteins, which play a crucial role in immune function. These proteins help fight infections and regulate immune responses. Lower levels can weaken the immune system's ability to respond effectively to pathogens. Choice A is incorrect because while bone marrow does produce blood cells, it does not directly relate to the weakening of the immune system with age. Choice B is incorrect as decreased platelet levels primarily affect blood clotting, not immune function. Choice D is incorrect because lymphocytes becoming more reactive to antigens is not a characteristic of aging immune systems.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: B lymphocyte. IL-2 and IL-4 are essential for the differentiation of B lymphocytes from unilineage progenitor cells into mature circulating cells. IL-2 is crucial for B cell proliferation and survival, while IL-4 is required for B cell activation and class switching. Neutrophils do not require IL-2 and IL-4 for differentiation. Eosinophils are primarily influenced by IL-5. Basophils are influenced by IL-3 and IL-5. Therefore, B lymphocytes are the only cell type among the choices that specifically requires IL-2 and IL-4 for their maturation.