ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A laboratory finding of aplastic anaemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Aplastic anemia is characterized by bone marrow failure, leading to decreased production of all blood cell types. 2. Pancytopenia refers to low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, consistent with aplastic anemia. 3. Erythrocytosis is an increase in red blood cell count, contradictory to the reduced production in aplastic anemia. 4. Bone marrow hypercellularity indicates increased cellularity, opposite to the hypocellularity seen in aplastic anemia. 5. Reticulocytosis is an elevated number of immature red blood cells, which is not typically seen in the context of bone marrow failure in aplastic anemia. Summary: A is correct as it aligns with the characteristic pancytopenia in aplastic anemia. B, C, and D are incorrect due to their inconsistency with the pathophysiology of the condition.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic lung disease. Which finding indicates long-term hypoxia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clubbed fingertips. Clubbing of the fingertips is a sign of long-term hypoxia due to chronic lung disease, causing changes in the nail bed angle and soft tissue around the nails. Pallor (A) is a paleness of the skin and not specific to hypoxia. Dyspnea (B) is difficulty breathing, which can occur in acute or chronic conditions. Pulmonary crackles (D) are abnormal lung sounds indicating fluid in the lungs, commonly seen in conditions like pneumonia. Clubbed fingertips specifically point towards long-term hypoxia in chronic lung disease.
Question 3 of 5
A patient receiving blood begins complaining of severe chest pain and a feeling of warmth. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct first step is to discontinue the blood transfusion (Choice C) because the patient is experiencing symptoms of a transfusion reaction, such as chest pain and warmth. Stopping the transfusion is crucial to prevent further harm. Calling the physician (Choice A) can be done after discontinuing the transfusion. Administering diuretics (Choice B) is not appropriate for this situation. Assessing vital signs and cardiovascular status (Choice D) should be done after stopping the transfusion to monitor the patient's condition.
Question 4 of 5
An older adult patient is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells after being injured in a car accident. On assessment, the nurse notes a new finding of bounding pulse, crackles, and increasing dyspnea. What should the nurse do first, after stopping the transfusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Raise the head of the bed. After stopping the transfusion due to signs of fluid overload, the priority is to alleviate symptoms and improve respiratory function. Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce venous return, decreasing preload and cardiac workload, which can help manage symptoms like dyspnea and crackles. This action promotes better oxygenation and reduces the risk of complications like pulmonary edema. Assessing vital signs (Choice A) is important but not the immediate priority. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing (Choice C) may exacerbate respiratory distress in this situation. Administering diphenhydramine (Choice D) is not indicated for fluid overload.
Question 5 of 5
A female patient's hematocrit level is 50% and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. What should the nurse suspect as being the cause for this patient's hematocrit level?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dehydration. Dehydration can lead to hemoconcentration, resulting in an elevated hematocrit level. When a person is dehydrated, the plasma volume decreases, causing an increase in the proportion of red blood cells in the blood, leading to a higher hematocrit level. In this case, the patient's high hematocrit level of 50% is likely due to dehydration rather than the other options. Oxygen saturation being 98% on room air indicates adequate oxygenation, ruling out chronic renal failure, bone marrow suppression, and bleeding esophageal varices as potential causes for the high hematocrit level in this patient.