A labor client has been diagnosed with CPD following attempts of pushing for 2 hours with no progress. Based on the info, which birth method is available when you have CPD (baby can't come out)?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: CPD (cephalopelvic disproportion) occurs when the baby's head or body is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis. In cases where CPD is diagnosed and labor has stalled despite adequate efforts (such as pushing for 2 hours with no progress), the safest and most appropriate method to deliver the baby is through a cesarean section (C/S). This surgical procedure allows for a safe delivery when vaginal delivery is not possible due to CPD, ensuring the well-being of both the baby and the mother. Induced labor, vaginal birth with vacuum, or inserting a foley catheter to empty the bladder would not be effective or safe in cases of CPD where the baby cannot pass through the birth canal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the scenario presented, the nurse's priority action should be to call for emergent medical assistance. A woman with a rupture during a nursing assessment could be experiencing a serious complication known as umbilical cord prolapse. This occurs when the umbilical cord slips through the cervix ahead of the baby, which can lead to compression of the cord and a serious decrease in oxygen supply to the baby. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention by the healthcare team, which may include moving the mother into a knee-chest position or performing a cesarean section. Therefore, the priority action for the nurse is to ensure prompt medical intervention to protect the well-being of both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Narcotic analgesia, when administered to a laboring patient, can cross the placenta and affect the infant. It can cause neonatal respiratory depression in the newborn after delivery. This is because the medication can depress the respiratory drive of the infant, leading to potentially serious breathing problems. It is important for the healthcare provider to closely monitor and assess the newborn for signs of respiratory distress in such cases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement explaining how a newly delivered baby initiates respiration is "Chemical thermal and mechanical factors." When a baby is born, various factors come into play to stimulate the baby's first breath. Chemically, the baby senses a decrease in oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide levels, triggering the respiratory centers in the brain to start the breathing process. Thermally, exposure to the cooler air outside the womb stimulates the baby's skin receptors, encouraging the baby to take a breath. Mechanically, the pressure changes during delivery and the physical stimulation of the baby's face and body also play a role in initiating respiration. Overall, it is the combined effect of these chemical, thermal, and mechanical factors that help a newly delivered baby begin breathing independently.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal newborn care, understanding the menstrual cycle is crucial as it directly impacts fertility and pregnancy outcomes. The correct answer, B) first day of menstrual bleeding, is considered the starting point of the menstrual cycle because it signifies the shedding of the endometrial lining. This event marks the beginning of the follicular phase, where the ovary prepares to release an egg. Option A) day of ovulation occurs approximately midway through the menstrual cycle, around day 14 in a typical 28-day cycle. Ovulation is a key event but not the starting point of the cycle. Option C) last day of menstrual bleeding is not the beginning but rather the end of the menstrual cycle. It occurs as the shedding of the endometrial lining finishes. Option D) when the corpus luteum forms happens after ovulation when the ruptured follicle transforms into a temporary endocrine structure. While important for progesterone production, it does not mark the start of the menstrual cycle. Understanding the menstrual cycle is fundamental for pharmacological interventions related to hormonal regulation, fertility treatments, and contraception. Knowing the correct starting point helps healthcare providers assess and manage reproductive health effectively, ensuring optimal outcomes for maternal and newborn care.