ATI RN
Descriptive Epidemiology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A key feature of a cross-sectional study is that: (Choose one wrong answer)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cross-sectional studies measure prevalence (A) and include outcomes, not just exposures (B is false).
Question 2 of 5
A daycare center asked the nurse to come because they had several children out as a result of chickenpox. Which statement should the nurse make to the staff?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Other considerations for understanding the action of agents include their power to invade and infect large numbers of people (infectivity), their ability to produce disease in those infected with the agent (pathogenicity), and their ability to produce serious disease in their hosts (virulence). When the above concepts are applied, the chickenpox virus has high infectivity, high pathogenicity, and very low virulence.
Question 3 of 5
Parents have requested that their child be brought up to date on appropriate immunizations. After reviewing the child’s medical history, the nurse prepares to give the two immunizations. What additional action should be taken by the nurse before administration of the immunization?
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention produces VISs that explain the benefits and risks of vaccine to vaccine recipients, their parents, or their legal representatives. Federal law requires that VISs be handed out whenever (before each dose) certain vaccinations are given. Because the parents have previously had the child receive immunizations, they clearly have chosen to continue with immunizations so they do not need to hear the pros and cons of children being immunized. Children cannot give consent, only assent, to procedures. Because the child is a minor, the child’s parents make the decisions. [Note: The document lists E as the answer, implying an unlisted option: 'Give the parents the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS)', which aligns with the rationale.]
Question 4 of 5
In a particular community, the rate of new cases of diabetes and the rate of new cases of flu during the month of January were precisely the same. Which disease would have the higher prevalence rate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate because it is a long-term chronic condition that typically does not decrease. Although flu might have a higher incidence rate of new cases, because flu is typically of short duration, the prevalence rate would remain low. Flu is contagious, which could increase the incidence rate but not the prevalence rate.
Question 5 of 5
A researcher wanted to engage in the best possible research design to obtain reliable information about the possible cause(s) of a disease. Which design would the researcher choose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most advantageous research design, because it obtains more reliable information and can more easily establish a stronger temporal relationship between presumed causal factors and their effects, is a longitudinal cohort prospective study. A cross-sectional study examines relationships between potential causal factors and disease at a specific time. A descriptive study focuses on the amount and distribution of health and health problems within a population. A prospective study monitors a group of disease-free individuals to determine if and when disease occurs. A retrospective study compares individuals with a particular condition or disease with those who do not have the disease.