A _______________ is when the heart stops beating.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C - Cardiac arrest): 1. Cardiac arrest specifically refers to the heart stopping, leading to the cessation of blood flow. 2. It is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention like CPR and defibrillation. 3. Pulmonary arrest (A) pertains to the lungs stopping, not the heart. Respiratory arrest (B) is when breathing stops. Complete arrest (D) is not a medical term.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itching and rashes. Pediculosis is an infestation of lice that typically causes itching due to the lice feeding on blood and laying eggs on the scalp. Rashes may also develop from scratching the itchy areas. Choice B, acne and lesions, is incorrect because lice infestation does not typically cause acne-like lesions. Choice C, cuts and abrasions, is incorrect as lice infestation does not directly cause cuts or abrasions. Choice D, boils and abscesses, is incorrect because these are not common symptoms of pediculosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Dehydration leads to a decrease in blood volume, causing inadequate blood flow to the brain. Step 2: Inadequate blood flow to the brain can result in dizziness. Step 3: Hence, dizziness is a common sign of dehydration. Summary: A: Moist mucous membranes are not a sign of dehydration as dehydration causes dryness. B: An increase in urinary output is a sign of dehydration, not a symptom of dehydration. C: Slowed heartbeat is not a direct sign of dehydration and may occur in other conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal cramps and vomiting. Fecal impaction causes a blockage in the colon, leading to symptoms like abdominal cramps due to increased pressure and vomiting from the body's attempt to expel the blockage. Urgency and black stools (Choice A) are more indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding. Urination and flatus (Choice B) are not typically associated with fecal impaction. Bleeding and itching (Choice C) are more commonly seen in conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small painless sores. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The primary stage of syphilis typically presents as small, painless sores called chancres at the site of infection (genital area, mouth, or rectum). These sores are usually firm, round, and non-itchy. They can go unnoticed and heal on their own, but the infection progresses if left untreated. The other choices, such as A: Green-yellow discharge, B: Yellow or white discharge, and D: Warts on the genitals, are not symptoms typically associated with syphilis. Discharge colors may indicate other infections, and warts are more commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.