A _______________ is when the heart stops beating.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiac arrest. This is when the heart stops beating, leading to the cessation of blood flow. Pulmonary arrest (A) refers to the cessation of breathing, not the heart. Respiratory arrest (B) is when breathing stops. Complete arrest (D) is a vague term and does not specifically refer to the heart stopping. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly addresses the scenario of the heart no longer beating, which is a life-threatening emergency.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itching and rashes. Pediculosis is a condition caused by infestation of lice. Lice bites can lead to itching and skin irritation, resulting in rashes. Other choices like B: Acne and lesions, C: Cuts and abrasions, and D: Boils and abscesses are not typically associated with pediculosis. Acne is caused by blocked hair follicles, cuts and abrasions are physical injuries, and boils and abscesses are usually caused by bacterial infections. Therefore, the symptoms of itching and rashes are the most characteristic of pediculosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D (Dizziness) is correct: 1. Dehydration leads to reduced blood volume, causing decreased blood flow to the brain. 2. This reduced blood flow can result in dizziness, lightheadedness, and even fainting. 3. Dizziness is a common symptom of dehydration due to impaired brain function. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Moist mucous membranes - Dehydration leads to dry mucous membranes, not moist. B: An increase in urinary output - Dehydration typically causes a decrease in urine output. C: Slowed heartbeat - Dehydration usually leads to an increased heart rate to compensate for reduced blood volume, not a slowed heartbeat.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Abdominal cramps and vomiting. Fecal impaction can cause abdominal cramps due to the blockage of the colon. Vomiting can occur as a result of the pressure and discomfort caused by the impaction. Urgency and black stools (A) are more indicative of lower gastrointestinal issues like bleeding or inflammation. Urination and flatus (B) are not typical signs of fecal impaction. Bleeding and itching (C) are more commonly associated with hemorrhoids or anal fissures, not fecal impaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small painless sores. Syphilis typically presents with painless sores called chancres at the site of infection. These sores are usually firm, round, and often go unnoticed. Other choices like A (Green-yellow discharge) and B (Yellow or white discharge) are more indicative of other sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea or trichomoniasis. Choice D (Warts on the genitals) is a symptom of genital warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), not syphilis.