A hospital nurse working in employee health notes that several nurses from one unit are missing from work after having contracted a communicable disease from a client. In this scenario, what is considered to be the host?

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: D: The client Rationale: 1. The client is the source of the communicable disease, making them the host. 2. The sick nurses contracted the disease from the client, making them the secondary hosts. 3. The hospital and individual sick nurses are not the primary hosts in this scenario. 4. The communicable disease is the agent causing the infection, not the host. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the primary host in this scenario. The client is the host as they carry the communicable disease that infected the nurses.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because case management is focused on providing individualized care to specific clients to address their unique needs and goals. Case management involves assessing, planning, coordinating, monitoring, and evaluating services to meet the client's needs effectively. In contrast, option A is incorrect because case management is not exclusive to health maintenance organizations. Option B is incorrect as case management can be applied to various populations, not just a specific segment. Option D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the role of case management, which goes beyond monitoring health status to encompass comprehensive care coordination.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. The correct answer is A because the Ottawa Charter emphasizes health as an outcome of wellbeing. 2. Health is not just the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. 3. This definition aligns with the holistic approach to health promotion in the Charter. 4. Choice B is incomplete and does not capture the comprehensive nature of health in the Charter. 5. Choice C contradicts the Charter's emphasis on maintaining health for overall well-being. 6. Choice D is too narrow and does not encompass the broader definition of health in the Charter.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The determinants of health. This is an appropriate starting point for the application of a population health approach because understanding the determinants of health helps identify the root causes of health disparities and population health outcomes. By focusing on social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health, interventions can be targeted effectively to improve overall health outcomes for a population. Incorrect choices: A: Emergency life-saving care is not an appropriate starting point for a population health approach as it focuses on individual treatment rather than addressing broader population-level factors. C: Health promotion models are important in promoting health but may not address the underlying determinants of health necessary for a population health approach. D: Risk management focuses on minimizing risks rather than addressing the broader determinants of health needed for a population health approach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the most important feature of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory is that it shows individuals adopt innovations at different rates. This theory explains the process by which new ideas, products, or technologies spread through a population. It categorizes individuals into different groups based on their willingness to adopt innovations - innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Understanding these different rates of adoption is crucial for successful implementation and acceptance of innovations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the core concept of the theory. Choice A is about cost-effectiveness, B is about network providers, and D is about geographical communities, which are not the primary focus of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory.