A hospital nurse working in employee health notes that several nurses from one unit are missing from work after having contracted a communicable disease from a client. In this scenario, what is considered to be the host?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The client. In this scenario, the client is the host of the communicable disease as they are the source of the infection. The nurses contracted the disease from the client, making the client the primary host. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Each sick nurse - The sick nurses are not the host but rather the secondary hosts who contracted the disease from the primary host (the client). B: The communicable disease - The disease is the agent causing the infection, not the host. C: The hospital - The hospital is the environment where the transmission occurred but is not the host responsible for the disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The determinants of health. This is the appropriate starting point for applying a population health approach because it focuses on the underlying factors influencing health outcomes at a population level. By addressing social, economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants, interventions can be targeted effectively to improve overall health outcomes. Choice A (Emergency life-saving care) is not the best starting point for a population health approach as it addresses immediate, individual-level health needs rather than the broader population. Choice C (Health promotion models) is important but typically comes after understanding the determinants of health. Choice D (Risk management) is relevant but focuses more on individual risk factors rather than the broader population perspective.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community participation. In the Community Mobilization Framework, addressing community participation first within the social planning component is crucial because it ensures that community members are actively involved in decision-making processes. This approach empowers the community, increases ownership of health promotion initiatives, and promotes sustainability. Shifting power relationships (A) may come later once community participation is established. Problem solving at the community level (B) and addressing community social concerns (D) are important aspects but should be built upon a foundation of active community participation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Including Cuban immigrants from the community on the centre's advisory board is the best action as it directly involves the key stakeholders in decision-making processes. This approach ensures cultural relevance, fosters trust, and promotes shared decision-making, all of which are essential for implementing evidence-informed practice effectively in a diverse community setting. By engaging Cuban immigrants in the advisory board, the nurse leader can gain valuable insights, perspectives, and feedback that can inform and tailor the centre's services to better meet the needs of the population. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Having university experts review policies may provide valuable insights but lacks direct involvement of the community members affected. B: Weekly staff meetings may promote discussion, but without direct input from the Cuban immigrant population, the decisions made may not fully align with their needs. D: Sending staff to conferences and seminars can enhance knowledge but does not actively involve the community in decision-making processes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because increasing access to nursing research sources in health care institutions directly supports the goal of implementing evidence-informed practice. By providing easy access to research journals, nurses can stay up-to-date with the latest evidence and incorporate it into their practice. Choice A is incorrect as market research on customer satisfaction does not directly contribute to creating a conducive work environment for evidence-informed practice. Choice B focuses on workload impact rather than enhancing the implementation of evidence-informed practice. Choice D, sending staff to conferences, is beneficial but may not ensure continuous access to research sources in the workplace, which is essential for sustained practice improvement.