A home health nurse reviews the nursing care with the patient and family and then mutually discusses the expected outcomes of the nursing care to be provided. Which step of the nursing process is the nurse illustrating?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: planning. Planning in the nursing process involves setting goals and outcomes, which the nurse is doing by discussing expected outcomes with the patient and family. This step helps establish a direction for the care to be provided. Diagnosing (A) involves analyzing data to identify health problems. Implementing (C) is the actual carrying out of the planned interventions. Evaluating (D) involves determining if the goals were met. In this scenario, the nurse is focusing on setting goals, making B the most appropriate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: preventing illness. Teaching breast self-examination helps in early detection of breast abnormalities, leading to early diagnosis and treatment, thus preventing the development of serious illnesses like breast cancer. Promoting health (A) focuses on enhancing overall well-being and preventing diseases, but breast self-examination specifically targets illness prevention. Restoring health (C) involves interventions to return an individual to their optimal state of health after illness, not preventing illness. Facilitating coping with disability and death (D) involves supporting individuals dealing with existing health challenges, not necessarily preventing future illnesses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary purpose of standards of nursing practice (Correct Answer: B) is to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care. This answer is correct because standards guide nurses in delivering high-quality care based on evidence-based practices, ensuring patient safety and well-being. Standards encompass not just skills but also knowledge, critical thinking, ethics, and communication. Incorrect choices: A: While standards do help nurses perform skills safely, their primary purpose is broader and includes knowledge and comprehensive care. C: Establishing nursing as a profession and a discipline is important but not the primary purpose of standards, which focus on guiding clinical practice. D: While nurses may advocate for healthcare policy, the primary purpose of standards is to ensure quality care, not specifically to enable policy advocacy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why option A is correct: 1. Evidence-based practice is a problem-solving approach as it involves identifying, critically evaluating, and applying the best available evidence to make informed decisions. 2. By using a systematic problem-solving approach, practitioners can integrate research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values to deliver optimal care. 3. This approach helps healthcare professionals make decisions based on the most current and relevant evidence, leading to improved patient outcomes. 4. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: - Option B: While evidence-based practice uses the best evidence available, it is not the only defining characteristic. - Option C: Acceptance in clinical practice may vary, as evidence-based practice requires critical appraisal of evidence rather than blind acceptance. - Option D: Evidence-based practice is not solely based on institutional protocols but on a broader range of evidence sources.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer, B, is the best illustration of the effect of self-concept on health and illness because it demonstrates a negative self-perception that can hinder motivation for positive change. The statement reflects a defeatist attitude and lack of belief in the possibility of improvement, which can lead to a cycle of poor self-care habits and negative health outcomes. A: This statement focuses on external factors as the reason for not prioritizing health, rather than internal self-perception. C: This statement compares oneself to others and reflects more on external appearance rather than personal self-concept. D: This statement suggests external validation from others as the reason for maintaining the current weight, rather than self-perception influencing health decisions.