A home health nurse has several clients who live in the same apartment building. In the last week, the nurse has noticed that both elevators in the four-story building are out of order. Two of the clients live on the second floor and use a wheelchair. The nurse leaves a message for the building manager describing their concern for the clients. This action describes the role of the nurse as

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: advocate. The nurse is advocating for the well-being of the clients by addressing the safety concerns related to the malfunctioning elevators. Advocacy involves speaking up for the rights and needs of clients to ensure they receive appropriate care and support. In this scenario, the nurse is taking action to protect the clients' safety and quality of life. Summary of other choices: B: Care provider - While providing care is an essential role of the nurse, in this scenario, the nurse's primary function is advocating for the clients' safety. C: Consultant - A consultant provides expert advice, but in this case, the nurse is not simply offering advice but actively addressing a safety issue. D: Educator - Educators focus on providing information and teaching, which is not the main role being demonstrated here.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The combined roles of multiple sectors. To address high blood pressure effectively, a comprehensive approach involving multiple sectors such as healthcare, food and agriculture, education, urban planning, and more is essential. This is because high blood pressure is influenced by various factors including diet, physical activity, environment, and access to healthcare. By working collaboratively with multiple sectors, the nurse can develop a holistic program that addresses the social determinants of health and promotes a supportive environment for managing blood pressure. Working with just the health sector (option A) would be too narrow and overlook other important influences. Involving only the health sector and the food and agriculture sector (option C) would miss out on the broader societal factors affecting blood pressure. Lastly, different sectors for each individual (option D) would lack a coordinated and comprehensive approach needed for community-wide impact.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Relative advantage. In the context of the diffusion of innovations theory, relative advantage refers to the perceived improvement of an innovation over existing solutions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public health department needed to demonstrate that the smartphone application offered clear benefits compared to other methods of contact tracing or information dissemination. This is crucial for gaining widespread acceptance and adoption. Incorrect choices: A: Trialability - While trialability is important for encouraging adoption by allowing individuals to experiment with the innovation, it does not directly address the perceived advantages of the smartphone application. B: Observability - Observability relates to the visibility of the innovation's results, which may influence adoption but does not directly address the comparative benefits of the smartphone application.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because to uphold the ethical standard of proportionality in a community health program, the nurse needs to assess if the benefits of the program outweigh the potential risks. This involves considering the balance between the positive outcomes of the program and any potential harm it may cause. This question directly addresses the principle of proportionality. Choice B is incorrect because providing rationale for program choices does not directly address the ethical standard of proportionality. Choice C is incorrect because while decreasing health inequities is important in community health programs, it does not specifically address the principle of proportionality. Choice D is incorrect because involving the target population in the planning process is important for community engagement but does not directly relate to upholding the ethical standard of proportionality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct: 1. Determining responsibilities of each partner is crucial to ensure clarity and accountability within the coalition. 2. Clear responsibilities help in establishing expectations and ensuring effective collaboration. 3. This step aids in defining roles, tasks, and contributions of each partner, leading to efficient partnership agreements. 4. Without clearly defined responsibilities, partners may have misunderstandings and conflicts, hindering the coalition's progress. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Identifying potential partners is part of step 2, not step 3. C: Developing a shared purpose is usually done in the initial stages before partnership agreements. D: Communicating evaluation results is important but typically comes after partnership agreements are established.