A history reveals that a patient virtually stopped eating 5 months ago and lost 25% of body weight. The nurse says, 'Describe what you think about your present weight and how you look.' Which response would be most consistent with anorexia nervosa?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I'm fat and ugly." Rationale: 1. This response indicates a distorted body image commonly seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa. 2. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a fear of gaining weight and a preoccupation with body image. 3. The statement reflects a negative perception of oneself in terms of weight and appearance, which aligns with the psychological aspect of anorexia nervosa. 4. Other choices do not exhibit the same level of dissatisfaction with body weight and appearance as seen in anorexia nervosa.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trust vs. mistrust. In Erikson's theory, this stage occurs in infancy, where the primary conflict is between developing trust in others and experiencing mistrust. Mr. J.'s belief that he is being poisoned reflects a deep sense of mistrust, which aligns with the characteristics of this developmental stage. It indicates a lack of trust in his environment and possibly in his own perceptions. Choices A, B, and D do not directly address the core issue of trust and mistrust in early development, making them incorrect for this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Learning to delay gratification. In this stage, individuals develop impulse control and learn to consider consequences before acting. Larry's lack of guilt and disregard for others' rights indicate a failure to delay gratification, acting impulsively without regard for consequences. A: Learning to count on others focuses on developing trust in relationships, not relevant to Larry's situation. C: Identifying oneself involves establishing a sense of self and personal identity, not directly related to Larry's behavior. D: Developing skills in participation involves social interaction and cooperation, not addressing Larry's impulsivity and lack of guilt.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Surrogate. In this scenario, the nurse is assuming the role of a surrogate, representing the client's best interests and advocating for their well-being. The nurse is showing empathy and support by acknowledging Nancy's need for behavioral changes and expressing care. This aligns with Peplau's concept of the surrogate role, where the nurse acts as a substitute and supports the client's emotional needs. Choice A (Counselor) is incorrect because the nurse is not providing counseling or therapeutic interventions in this situation. Choice C (Technical Expert) is incorrect as the nurse is not primarily focused on providing technical knowledge or expertise. Choice D (Resource Person) is incorrect because the nurse is not primarily acting as a source of information or support for Nancy in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the duty to avoid causing harm to others. Fidelity (nonmaleficence) is a fundamental principle in ethics and healthcare, emphasizing the importance of not harming individuals. This duty ensures that professionals prioritize the well-being and safety of their clients or patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the concept of nonmaleficence. Choice A focuses on beneficence, which is different from nonmaleficence. Choice C pertains to autonomy, while choice D relates to distributive justice, none of which directly align with the principle of avoiding harm.