A history of personality change in a patient with seizure could suggest the following as a cause of seizure

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Personality change with seizursuggests an intracranial tumor , as mass effects or frontal/temporal lobe irritation can alter behavior and trigger epilepsy. Degenerative and metabolic diseascause diffuse symptoms, not focal personality shifts. Stimulants and congenital issulack this link. Tumors focal impact makes A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aicardi syndrome, an X-linked disorder, featurcoloboma , retinal lacunae , corpus callosum agenesis , and severe seizur. Aminoaciduria is not associated; metabolic errors are absent. This neurologic-ocular focus makes D the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In status epilepticus, glucose , magnesium , and CBC are routine to identify reversible caus(e.g., hypoglycemia). CT assessstructural issues. MRI is not urgent; its detailed but delayed, unlike immediate labs or CT. This urgency distinction makes D the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Neuroimaging is indicated for abnormal exams , morning headach, cough headach, and no migraine family history , signaling pathology. Frontal headache is common in migraines/tension, not a red flag alone. Specificity of signs makes D the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sydenham chorea , post-streptococcal (rheumatic fever), is the most common acquired childhood chorea, per incidence data. Huntington is genetic, rare in kids; paraneoplastic and hereditary are uncommon; chorea gravidarum affects pregnancy. Sydenhams prevalence makes D the correct answer.