A highly emotional client presents at an outpatient clinic appointment wearing flamboyant attire, spiked heels, and theatrical makeup. Which personality disorder should the nurse associate with these assessment data?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Histrionic personality disorder (HPD). This disorder is characterized by attention-seeking behavior, emotional overreaction, and dramatic appearance. In this case, the client's flamboyant attire, spiked heels, and theatrical makeup align with the attention-seeking and dramatic features of HPD. A: Compulsive personality disorder is characterized by perfectionism and rigidity, not flamboyant or attention-seeking behavior. B: Schizotypal personality disorder involves social isolation and eccentric behavior, not attention-seeking or dramatic appearance. D: Manic personality disorder is a mood disorder characterized by elevated mood and increased energy, not necessarily flamboyant attire or theatrical makeup. Therefore, the best fit for the client's presentation is Histrionic personality disorder based on the assessment data provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the goal in treating personality disorders is to reduce the inflexibility of maladaptive personality traits that impact functioning and relationships. This approach focuses on improving adaptive coping strategies and interpersonal skills. A: Medications may be used to manage specific symptoms, but they do not target the core issues of personality disorders. B: Changing core personality traits is challenging and usually not a realistic treatment goal. D: Personality disorders are not primarily caused by neurotransmitter imbalances, so targeting neurotransmitters is not the main focus of treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Mahler's theory focuses on stages of child development. Step 2: During individuation, child separates from mother to develop own identity. Step 3: In BPD, maternal inconsistency leads to confusion during this stage. Step 4: Lack of consistency can result in identity issues and emotional instability. Summary: Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the specific issue of inconsistency during individuation in BPD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because children with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) typically develop academic skills up to a sixth-grade level. This is important information for the mother to understand the potential academic abilities of her child. Choice A is incorrect because children with mild ID may not necessarily need constant supervision, as their level of independence can vary. Choice C is incorrect as children with mild ID may not always appear different from their peers. Choice D is incorrect because mild ID does not necessarily equate to significant sensory-motor impairment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Impaired social interaction R/T nonadherence to social convention. This nursing diagnosis addresses the client's problem of having an IQ of 47, as individuals with intellectual disabilities may struggle with social interactions due to difficulty understanding social norms. Impaired social interaction is a common issue for individuals with lower IQs, impacting their ability to engage in appropriate social behaviors. Choice A is incorrect because self-mutilation is not directly related to the client's IQ level. Choice C is incorrect as delusional thinking is not necessarily associated with intellectual disabilities. Choice D is incorrect because decreased gross motor skills do not directly correlate with social isolation in the context of the client's IQ level.