A healthcare professional is preparing to administer morphine 4 mg IV to a client. Available is morphine 10 mg/mL. How many mL should the healthcare professional administer?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this pharmacology question, the correct answer is B) 0.4 mL. To determine the correct dosage, you need to use the formula: dose required (4 mg) divided by dose available (10 mg/mL) = volume to administer (X mL). So, 4 mg / 10 mg/mL = 0.4 mL. Option A) 0.2 mL is incorrect because it is too low of a dosage. Option C) 0.6 mL and Option D) 0.8 mL are also incorrect because they exceed the required dosage of 4 mg. Educationally, understanding medication dosage calculations is crucial for healthcare professionals to ensure safe and accurate administration of medications to patients. By mastering these calculations, healthcare professionals can prevent medication errors and ensure optimal patient outcomes. It is essential to be proficient in converting between different units of measurement and understanding drug concentrations to provide effective patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hypokalemia. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that works by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium. Hypokalemia is a common adverse effect of hydrochlorothjsoniazide due to excessive potassium loss through diuresis. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining proper cardiac function, so monitoring for hypokalemia is essential to prevent cardiac complications like arrhythmias. Option B) Hypertension is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide is actually prescribed to treat hypertension by reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure. Option C) Hyperglycemia is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide does not typically have a direct effect on blood glucose levels. Option D) Hypercalcemia is incorrect because hydrochlorothiazide can actually lead to decreased calcium levels due to increased renal excretion. In an educational context, understanding the adverse effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Monitoring for potential adverse effects allows nurses to intervene promptly and prevent complications. This knowledge also helps nurses educate patients about medication side effects and the importance of compliance with monitoring protocols.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching a client with a new prescription for nitroglycerin patches, the correct instruction to include is to rotate the application site daily (Option B). This is crucial because nitroglycerin patches need to be applied to different sites to prevent skin irritation and ensure optimal drug absorption. By rotating the application site, the client can avoid skin breakdown and potential allergic reactions. Option A (Apply the patch at the same time every day) is incorrect as it does not address the specific need for site rotation and focuses solely on timing. Option C (Remove the patch for 12 hours each day) is incorrect because nitroglycerin patches are typically worn continuously to maintain a consistent therapeutic effect. Option D (Cut the patch in half if needed) is incorrect as altering the patch size can lead to inaccurate dosing and potential overdose. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize the rationale behind the correct instruction to ensure client safety and adherence to medication guidelines. Teaching the client about proper nitroglycerin patch application can help prevent complications and promote effective treatment for their condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a client is prescribed furosemide, it is important to monitor for fluid loss. Weighing oneself daily helps track changes in weight due to fluid loss, which can indicate the effectiveness of the medication. This monitoring assists in managing fluid balance and adjusting the dosage if necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can lead to hyperkalemia as an adverse effect. Hyperkalemia is characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood, which can be dangerous and lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia is crucial when a client is taking spironolactone.