A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 15-month-old child. Which of the following findings is a contraindication to the administration of this vaccine?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of administering the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 15-month-old child, the correct answer is B) Currently taking antibiotics. This is a contraindication because live vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine, may have reduced effectiveness when administered concurrently with antibiotics. Antibiotics can interfere with the body's ability to mount a proper immune response to the vaccine, potentially reducing its efficacy. Option A) Family history of egg allergy is not a contraindication to the MMR vaccine. While the vaccine is grown in chick embryo cells and individuals with severe egg allergies should consult with their healthcare provider, most children with egg allergies can safely receive the MMR vaccine. Option C) History of asthma is also not a contraindication to the MMR vaccine. Asthma is not a contraindication for any routinely recommended vaccine. Option D) Presence of rhinorrhea, which is a runny nose, is not a contraindication to the MMR vaccine. Mild illnesses, like a runny nose, do not typically interfere with the administration of vaccines unless the child is significantly unwell. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand contraindications to vaccines to ensure safe and effective vaccination practices. Knowing the specific contraindications for each vaccine helps prevent adverse reactions and ensures that children receive the full benefit of immunization. It is also essential to stay updated on vaccine guidelines and recommendations to provide optimal care for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Position the infant upright after feedings. This instruction is crucial in managing gastroesophageal reflux in infants. By keeping the infant upright after feedings, gravity helps to keep the stomach contents down and reduces the likelihood of reflux. This position also aids in digestion and decreases the chances of regurgitation and aspiration. Option A) offering feedings every 2 hours can exacerbate reflux by overloading the stomach with too much food, leading to increased reflux episodes. Option C) feeding the infant thickened formula is not recommended as it can increase the risk of aspiration and does not address the underlying issue of reflux. Option D) placing the infant in a prone position after feedings is dangerous as it increases the risk of aspiration and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). In the educational context, it is important for nurses to provide evidence-based instructions to parents on how to manage gastroesophageal reflux in infants. By explaining the rationale behind positioning the infant upright after feedings, nurses empower parents to actively participate in their child's care and promote positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Children with brain tumors commonly experience frequent headaches due to increased intracranial pressure. This pressure can result in pain and discomfort, leading to headaches as a common symptom. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, changes in vision, and behavioral changes, but headaches are a prominent feature in children with brain tumors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The healthcare provider should recommend applying antibiotic ointment to the lesions to prevent the spread of infection and facilitate healing. Antibiotic ointment helps combat the bacterial infection associated with impetigo and supports the skin's recovery process. This approach aids in reducing symptoms, preventing complications, and promoting a quicker resolution of the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The priority finding to report for a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia is petechiae. Petechiae indicate a low platelet count, which increases the risk of bleeding. Therefore, the healthcare provider should promptly report petechiae to initiate appropriate interventions to prevent bleeding complications.