ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A healthcare professional is caring for a group of clients receiving antimicrobial therapy. Which of the following clients should the professional plan to monitor for manifestations of antibiotic toxicity?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option B) An older adult client with prostatitis. When administering antimicrobial therapy, it is essential to monitor for antibiotic toxicity, especially in older adults due to age-related changes in drug metabolism and excretion. Prostatitis typically requires longer antibiotic courses, increasing the risk of toxicity. Option A) An adolescent client with a sinus infection is less likely to experience antibiotic toxicity compared to the older adult with prostatitis. Sinus infections generally respond well to antibiotics without prolonged therapy. Option C) A client who is postpartum with mastitis may require antibiotics but is not as prone to toxicity compared to the older adult with prostatitis. The focus here would be more on monitoring infection resolution and lactation support. Option D) A middle-aged client with a urinary tract infection may need antibiotics, but the risk of toxicity is lower compared to the older adult with prostatitis. Monitoring for treatment effectiveness and potential side effects would be important in this case. Educationally, understanding patient-specific factors such as age, diagnosis, and treatment duration is crucial in determining the risk of antibiotic toxicity. Monitoring for adverse effects and adjusting therapy as needed is a key component of providing safe and effective pharmacological care.
Question 2 of 5
When administering IV Amphotericin B to a client with a systemic fungal infection, the nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is fever. Amphotericin B is known to cause adverse effects such as fever, chills, and nausea during infusion. Monitoring for fever is essential as it can indicate an adverse reaction. To manage these effects, pretreatment with diphenhydramine and acetaminophen can be administered.
Question 3 of 5
A client starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection is being educated by a nurse on preventing medication resistance. What information should the nurse provide the client about resistance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In educating a client starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection about preventing medication resistance, the nurse should emphasize the importance of taking medication at the same time daily without missing doses. This is because maintaining consistent therapeutic drug levels in the body is crucial to prevent the development of resistance in HIV treatment. By adhering to a strict dosing schedule, the client can effectively suppress viral replication and reduce the likelihood of resistance mutations emerging. Option A is incorrect because taking low dosages of antiretroviral medication can lead to subtherapeutic drug levels, which may promote the development of resistance. Option B is also incorrect as using only one antiretroviral medication can increase the risk of resistance due to inadequate viral suppression. Option D is incorrect because changing the medication regimen based solely on adverse effects without consulting a healthcare provider can compromise treatment efficacy and potentially lead to resistance. Educationally, understanding the principles of adherence and the significance of maintaining consistent drug levels in the body is essential for clients undergoing HAART. Emphasizing the importance of strict adherence to the prescribed regimen can help optimize treatment outcomes and reduce the development of medication resistance in HIV therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A client has a new prescription for Enfuvirtide to treat HIV infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse reactions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While bone marrow suppression is not typically associated with Enfuvirtide, a more relevant concern is the risk of severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. Enfuvirtide, an HIV fusion inhibitor, can cause local injection site reactions and systemic allergic responses. Monitoring for signs of allergic reactions, such as rash, fever, and difficulty breathing, is crucial to ensure the client's safety.
Question 5 of 5
A client is taking Ritonavir, a protease inhibitor, to treat HIV infection. The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D: Hyperlipidemia. Protease inhibitors like Ritonavir are known to cause metabolic side effects, such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Hyperlipidemia is a common adverse effect of protease inhibitors and can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV infection. Option A, increased TSH level, is incorrect because protease inhibitors do not typically affect thyroid function. Option B, decreased ALT level, is also incorrect as protease inhibitors can actually lead to elevated liver enzyme levels, including ALT. Option C, hypoglycemia, is not a typical adverse effect of protease inhibitors. In fact, these drugs are more commonly associated with hyperglycemia or insulin resistance. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand the potential side effects of antiretroviral medications like protease inhibitors to effectively monitor and manage patients with HIV infection. By recognizing the common adverse effects, nurses can provide better quality care and improve patient outcomes. Regular monitoring of lipid levels is crucial for patients on protease inhibitors to mitigate the risks associated with hyperlipidemia.