A healthcare professional is assessing an infant who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In infants with heart failure, one of the key manifestations is weight gain due to fluid retention. The heart's inability to pump effectively can lead to fluid buildup in the body, causing weight gain. Bounding pulses, hyperactivity, and increased urine output are not typically associated with heart failure in infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In caring for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with Wilms' tumor, the physical assessment technique that should be omitted is palpating the abdomen (Option B). This is because Wilms' tumor is a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects the kidneys, and palpating the abdomen could potentially disrupt the tumor or cause discomfort to the child due to the proximity of the tumor to the abdominal area. Performing range-of-motion exercises on lower extremities (Option A) is important for maintaining muscle tone and preventing contractures in pediatric patients. Assessing for bowel sounds (Option C) is essential to monitor gastrointestinal function, which can be affected by various conditions including cancer. Percussing ankle and knee reflexes (Option D) is a neurological assessment technique that helps evaluate the integrity of the nervous system in pediatric patients. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind omitting abdominal palpation in a child with Wilms' tumor emphasizes the importance of tailoring physical assessments to specific conditions to prevent harm or discomfort to the patient. It highlights the significance of considering the underlying pathology when conducting assessments in pediatric patients to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, monitoring urine for protein is essential as it helps track the child's condition. Checking urine for protein should be done as part of the discharge teaching to keep a record of the child's urinary proteins and to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment plan. It is crucial for parents to understand this aspect of care to ensure proper management of the child's condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, "It is acceptable to take frequent bubble baths," indicates a need for further teaching. Bubble baths can irritate the urethra and increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children by introducing bacteria into the urinary tract. Therefore, this statement goes against the goal of preventing UTIs. Option A is correct because washing and wiping the perineal area from front to back helps prevent the introduction of bacteria into the urinary tract. Option B is also correct as cotton underwear helps keep the perineal area dry, reducing the risk of UTIs. Option D is correct as staying hydrated and voiding frequently help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. In a pediatric nursing context, it is crucial to educate parents on proper hygiene practices and lifestyle modifications to prevent UTIs in children. Emphasizing the importance of these strategies can help parents play an active role in maintaining their child's urinary health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention for a 7-year-old child with acute glomerulonephritis experiencing gross hematuria and bed rest is to provide activities for the child on restricted activity. Although the child may feel well, it is essential to limit activity until hematuria resolves to prevent complications and promote recovery.