A healthcare professional is assessing a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of this disease?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes. This is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis due to the inflammatory nature of the disease. The prolonged morning stiffness is a hallmark feature, reflecting the systemic inflammation present in rheumatoid arthritis. This symptom is not typically seen in osteoarthritis, which rules out options A and B. Pain that worsens with activity is more indicative of osteoarthritis as opposed to rheumatoid arthritis, making option D incorrect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Elevation is one of the ABCDE criteria for assessing suspicious skin lesions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order is E (narrowing), A (apnea), C (arousal). Muscle relaxation leads to airway narrowing, followed by apnea and then arousal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Edema occurs due to excess fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure and kidney disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assess the client for any allergies, especially to iodine or shellfish. This is crucial because contrast dye containing iodine is commonly used during cardiac catheterization, and a client with allergies to iodine or shellfish can have a severe allergic reaction. It is essential to identify allergies beforehand to prevent any potential adverse reactions during the procedure. A: Ensuring NPO status is important for some procedures, but assessing for allergies is more critical to prevent life-threatening reactions. B: Administering pre-procedure medications is important, but assessing for allergies takes precedence to avoid allergic reactions. C: While obtaining informed consent is necessary, assessing for allergies is a crucial safety measure to prevent allergic reactions during the procedure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the statement indicates a need for further teaching. The client should avoid solid foods for a specific period, usually 24 hours, before a colonoscopy to ensure a clear view of the colon. This helps the healthcare provider to perform the procedure effectively and reduces the risk of complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because having clear liquids up to 2 hours before, taking a laxative the night before, and being sedated during the procedure are all standard preparations for a colonoscopy and do not indicate a need for further teaching.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ensuring informed consent is crucial before any invasive procedure to protect the client's autonomy and rights. This involves confirming the client's understanding of the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives. Option B is correct as it directly relates to the ethical and legal aspect of the procedure. Option A is incorrect as it focuses solely on monitoring oxygen saturation, which is important but not the priority before thoracentesis. Option C is incorrect as simply explaining the procedure does not ensure the client's understanding or consent.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate communication technique for a client with Alzheimer's disease is using simple and direct statements (Choice C). This approach is effective because it helps reduce confusion and enhances understanding for individuals with cognitive impairment. Complex explanations (Choice A) may overwhelm the client. Speaking loudly (Choice B) can be perceived as aggressive or intimidating. Offering multiple choices (Choice D) may lead to decision-making difficulties. Therefore, Choice C is the best option for clear and effective communication with Alzheimer's clients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assessing for chest pain. The priority assessment for a client post-MI is to monitor for any signs of recurrent chest pain or angina, as it could indicate ongoing cardiac ischemia or a new infarction. Prompt intervention is crucial in these situations to prevent further damage to the heart muscle. Monitoring urine output (A) and electrolyte levels (D) are important assessments but do not take precedence over assessing for chest pain. Checking blood glucose levels (B) is relevant for diabetic clients but is not the priority in this case.