A healthcare professional is administering 1 L of 0.9% sodium chloride to a client who is postoperative and has fluid volume deficit. Which of the following changes should the healthcare professional identify as an indication that the treatment was successful?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in capillary refill time. Administering 0.9% sodium chloride helps to increase blood volume and improve tissue perfusion, leading to a decrease in capillary refill time. This improvement indicates that the treatment was successful in addressing the fluid volume deficit. A: Increase in hematocrit would not be an immediate indication of the success of fluid resuscitation as it may take time for the hematocrit levels to reflect changes in blood volume. B: Increase in respiratory rate could indicate respiratory distress or other issues not related to the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation. C: Decrease in heart rate could be due to various factors and may not directly correlate with the success of fluid replacement therapy. In summary, the most immediate and direct indicator of successful fluid resuscitation in this scenario is a decrease in capillary refill time.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diagnose the problem. In Lippitt's phases of change, this phase involves key people in data collection to identify the root cause of the issue. Assessing motivation (A) comes before diagnosing the problem, choosing a change agent (B) is about selecting a person to lead the change effort, and maintaining the change (D) occurs after implementation. Diagnosing the problem is crucial as it sets the foundation for developing effective strategies to address the identified issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Designate specific time slots for drop-in visits. Rationale: 1. Designating specific time slots for drop-in visits allows for better time management by setting boundaries and expectations. 2. It helps staff members plan their interactions with the Nurse Manager, reducing interruptions throughout the day. 3. This method promotes efficiency and productivity by consolidating similar tasks into designated blocks of time. Summary of other choices: B: Position the desk chair so it is not facing the hallway - This may help reduce distractions but does not directly address time management. C: Communicate with staff about using e-mail for non-urgent matters to improve time management - While this is a good practice, it does not specifically address the issue of inordinate time spent on drop-in visits. D: When staff members drop in, the manager should stand and remain standing during the conversation - Standing may convey urgency, but it does not provide a structured approach to managing time effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Virginia Henderson is the correct answer because she emphasized the unique role of nursing in helping individuals achieve independence in meeting their basic needs. Henderson's theory focuses on the holistic approach to patient care, highlighting the importance of individualized care and the nurse's role in assisting patients to reach their optimal health potential. Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing, focused on sanitation and environmental factors in health care. Martha Rogers emphasized the interconnectedness of humans with their environment. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is more aligned with psychology than nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Effective time management reduces stress. This is because when you manage your time well, you are able to prioritize tasks, allocate sufficient time for each activity, and avoid feeling overwhelmed. By having a clear plan and schedule, you can reduce stress levels and increase productivity. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Time management is not important in nursing - This is incorrect because time management is crucial in nursing to ensure patient care is delivered efficiently. B: Writing goals will increase stress - This is incorrect as setting goals helps in providing direction and motivation, reducing stress in the long run. D: Setting goals is a time waster - This is incorrect because setting goals helps in defining objectives and tracking progress, which is essential for effective time management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in capillary refill time. Administering 0.9% sodium chloride helps to increase blood volume and improve tissue perfusion, leading to a decrease in capillary refill time. This improvement indicates that the treatment was successful in addressing the fluid volume deficit. A: Increase in hematocrit would not be an immediate indication of the success of fluid resuscitation as it may take time for the hematocrit levels to reflect changes in blood volume. B: Increase in respiratory rate could indicate respiratory distress or other issues not related to the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation. C: Decrease in heart rate could be due to various factors and may not directly correlate with the success of fluid replacement therapy. In summary, the most immediate and direct indicator of successful fluid resuscitation in this scenario is a decrease in capillary refill time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Work sample questions. This method allows applicants to demonstrate their skills in real work scenarios, providing concrete evidence of their abilities. Self-report logs (A) rely on subjective information, which may not accurately reflect the applicant's actual work activity. Motion studies (C) involve observing and analyzing work processes, but do not directly collect information from applicants. Interviewing (D) is a common method for gathering information but may not always provide specific details about an applicant's work activities compared to work sample questions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autocratic. In a crisis situation, quick and decisive actions are crucial. An autocratic leadership style allows for immediate decision-making and clear direction, which is essential in rapidly changing and high-stress environments. This style ensures swift responses and minimizes confusion or delays. Incorrect choices: A: Democratic leadership involves group decision-making, which may be time-consuming and not suitable for urgent crisis situations. C: Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and empowering others, which may not be as effective in a crisis when quick and direct actions are needed. D: Laissez-faire leadership gives employees a high degree of freedom and independence, which can lead to chaos and lack of direction in a crisis scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Choice A is correct because the pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for adults aged 65 and older to prevent pneumonia and other pneumococcal diseases. This recommendation aligns with the age group of the older adults at the senior living center. A shingles vaccine is actually recommended at age 50, not 70 (B). Tetanus boosters are recommended every 10 years, not 5 (C). Eye examinations are typically recommended annually, not every 2 years (D). Therefore, choice A is the most appropriate recommendation for the nurse to include in the educational program.