A health care provider is concerned about the high number of clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have poor glucose control. What would be the best reference for the provider to implement evidence-based practice (EBP) in the management of this problem?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Current research findings are the best reference for evidence-based practice (EBP) as they provide the most up-to-date and reliable information on managing type 2 diabetes. 2. Research findings are based on rigorous scientific methods and study designs, ensuring validity and reliability. 3. Published protocols may be outdated or not evidence-based, limiting their effectiveness in guiding practice. 4. Colleagues' opinions may vary and may not always be based on the latest research or best practices. 5. Nursing journals may contain valuable information, but the most relevant and recent research findings are the ideal source for implementing EBP effectively. Summary: Choosing current research findings as the reference for EBP is crucial for staying informed with the latest evidence-based practices in managing type 2 diabetes. Published protocols may be outdated, colleagues' opinions may vary, and while nursing journals contain valuable information, they may not always provide the most recent and reliable data.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Implementation. The three core functions identified by the IOM are Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance. 1. Assessment involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and making available information on the health of a community. 2. Policy Development refers to developing comprehensive public health policies and plans to address health issues. 3. Assurance involves ensuring that necessary services are provided to achieve agreed-upon goals. Implementation, while important, is not explicitly mentioned as one of the core functions in the IOM report. It is a critical step in carrying out public health initiatives but falls under the broader umbrella of assurance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer, A, is supported by the concept of population health, which focuses on health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the impact of age demographics on disease prevalence. As the population ages, the percentage of individuals over 65 increases, leading to a higher prevalence of chronic diseases due to age-related factors. This aligns with the framework of public health, which emphasizes preventive measures and interventions to improve the health of the entire population. Choice B is incorrect because it does not directly address the relationship between population demographics and health outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on developmental stages related to aging rather than the broader impact of age demographics on disease prevalence. Choice D is incorrect because it only mentions the cost of medications and does not consider the broader implications of population health and chronic disease prevalence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the formal organization of public health services. The Constitution delegates public health responsibilities to the states, not the federal government. Step 2: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducts research, sets guidelines, and provides support, but quarantines are typically managed by local health departments. Step 3: This demonstrates a hierarchical system where the federal level (CDC) supports and guides the state and local levels in public health efforts. Step 4: Choice B is incorrect because it mentions state boards of health but does not emphasize the role of the CDC or the division of responsibilities between federal and state levels. Step 5: Choice C is incorrect because it oversimplifies the role of local health departments in managing quarantines without acknowledging the broader structure of public health services. Step 6: Choice D is incorrect because it suggests that all levels of government are not capable of handling local health crises, which is not accurate as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because providing nicotine gum directly addresses the individual's addiction to nicotine, which is a key factor in smoking cessation at the individual level. This method helps the individual manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms. A: Forming a support group is more of a community-level approach rather than individual-level. B: Increasing taxes is a population-level strategy to reduce tobacco use, not an individual-level intervention. D: Researching initiation reasons is valuable for prevention efforts but does not directly address cessation at the individual level.