A health care provider is concerned about the high number of clients with type 2 diabetes who have poor glucose control. In order to implement evidence-informed practice to manage this problem, what would be the best reference for the health care provider to use?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Current research findings. Research findings provide evidence-based information that is supported by rigorous scientific methods, ensuring credibility and accuracy. By using current research, the health care provider can make informed decisions based on the most up-to-date and relevant information. Published protocols (A) may be valuable, but they can become outdated and may not always reflect the latest evidence. Colleagues' opinions (C) are subjective and may not be based on scientific evidence. Media reports (D) can be sensationalized and often lack the depth and accuracy required for evidence-informed practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Communitarianism. The CHN is focusing on the impact of the family's actions on the community as a whole. Communitarianism emphasizes the importance of considering the well-being of the community and the common good. The CHN is concerned about the example being set for others and the potential consequences if everyone prioritizes work over family. Summary: B: Deontological ethics focuses on duty and moral rules, not community impact. C: Principlism uses ethical principles like autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, not community impact. D: Utilitarianism looks at maximizing overall happiness, not necessarily community values.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply the Oberle and Raffin model. This model involves four steps: recognizing the ethical issue, reflecting on personal values, considering the ethical principles, and applying the model to make a decision. It is crucial for the public health nurse to approach the situation ethically, considering the well-being of the child and the community. Discussing with colleagues or consulting with a friend who also does not vaccinate may introduce bias and not provide a comprehensive ethical perspective. Starting a research study does not directly address the immediate ethical dilemma the nurse is facing. By following the Oberle and Raffin model, the nurse can navigate the ethical dilemma in a systematic and ethical manner.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Upholding the client's autonomy. In acute healthcare situations, the dominant concern is typically respecting the patient's right to make decisions about their own care. Upholding autonomy ensures that the patient's wishes and values are prioritized in treatment decisions. This is supported by ethical principles such as respect for persons and patient-centered care. Choice A: Doing what is best for the community is not typically the dominant concern in acute healthcare situations as individual patient care is prioritized over broader community interests. Choice B: Doing what is best for the family may be important but it does not override the patient's right to autonomy in making decisions about their own healthcare. Choice C: Obeying legal mandates is important but it does not necessarily address the ethical principle of respecting the patient's autonomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. Overt racism involves explicit discrimination and hostility towards individuals based on their race. 2. Participating in hate crimes directly targets and harms individuals because of their race, hence exemplifying overt racism. 3. Using traditional food and dress (A) and restricting the burning of sweet grass (B) are cultural practices, not acts of overt racism. 4. Making job positions available only to Canadian-born individuals (D) is discriminatory, but it does not involve direct harm or hatred based on race.