A guideline for bowel retraining that the nursing assistant should follow is to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because observing skin closely for changes and answering call lights promptly are essential aspects of bowel retraining. By observing the skin, the nursing assistant can detect any signs of skin breakdown due to incontinence and take necessary actions. Answering call lights promptly ensures timely assistance with toileting needs, which is crucial for successful bowel retraining. Choice A is incorrect as offering praise sparingly and restricting fluids after dinner are not relevant to bowel retraining. Choice C is incorrect as using gloves is necessary for hygiene, and offering foods not included in the diet order can disrupt the retraining process. Choice D is incorrect as ignoring episodes of incontinence and pushing independent perineal care can hinder the retraining progress and potentially lead to complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because leaving an ice bag on the body for longer than 20 minutes can cause blood vessels to open due to a process called vasodilation. This occurs as a response to the cold temperature, which causes the blood vessels to dilate in an attempt to bring more warm blood to the area. This can lead to increased blood flow and potential tissue damage. Option B is incorrect as prolonged use of ice can actually slow down the clotting process and increase bleeding. Option C is incorrect as leaving an ice bag on the body does not cause fever. Option D is incorrect as prolonged application of ice can actually lead to increased swelling due to the increased blood flow to the area.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Have the resident rinse mouth with water before the collection. This step helps to ensure that the sputum sample collected is not contaminated with food particles or debris from the mouth, providing a more accurate representation of the respiratory secretions. Rinsing with water helps to clear the mouth and throat of any potential contaminants, making the collection process more effective. Explanation for other choices: A: Having the resident eat dinner prior to the sputum collection can introduce food particles into the sample, leading to contamination and inaccurate results. B: Asking the resident to rinse with mouthwash before the collection can introduce chemicals that may interfere with the accuracy of the test results. D: Collecting the specimen at night just before the resident goes to bed does not address the need to clear the mouth of potential contaminants before the collection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Left. The left cerebral hemisphere controls motor activity on the right side of the body due to the brain's contralateral organization. This means that the left hemisphere is responsible for controlling the opposite side of the body. The other choices are incorrect because the right hemisphere does not control the right side of the body (A), the middle hemisphere is not a recognized brain division (B), and the spinal cord is not directly involved in motor control originating from the brain (C).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones, can lead to brittle hair and nails due to decreased metabolic activity affecting hair and nail growth. Increased hair growth (A) is associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Weight loss (B) is a symptom of hyperthyroidism where metabolism is increased. Nausea or diarrhea (C) are not typical symptoms of hypothyroidism which usually presents with weight gain and constipation.