A guideline for bowel retraining that the nursing assistant should follow is to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because observing skin closely for changes and answering call lights promptly are crucial aspects of bowel retraining. Skin changes can indicate potential issues like incontinence-associated dermatitis. Promptly answering call lights ensures timely assistance with toileting needs, promoting continence. Incorrect answer explanations: A: Offering praise and restricting fluids after dinner are not specific guidelines for bowel retraining. C: Avoiding gloves can compromise infection control, and offering foods not included in the diet order can disrupt bowel retraining efforts. D: Ignoring episodes of incontinence can hinder progress in bowel retraining, and pushing independent perineal care may not address underlying issues causing incontinence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because prolonged application of ice causes vasoconstriction, not blood vessels opening. Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow, minimizing tissue damage. Choices B and D are incorrect as ice can increase bleeding and swelling. Choice C is irrelevant as ice does not cause fever.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Have the resident rinse mouth with water before the collection. This step helps to reduce contamination of the sputum sample with bacteria from the mouth, ensuring a more accurate analysis. Rinsing with mouthwash (choice B) may interfere with the specimen analysis due to the chemicals present. Having the resident eat dinner prior to collection (choice A) can introduce food particles into the sample. Collecting the specimen at night (choice D) does not specifically address the need to reduce mouth contamination.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Left. The left cerebral hemisphere controls the motor activity on the right side of the body due to contralateral organization in the brain. This means that the left hemisphere is responsible for controlling the opposite side of the body. The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. The other choices (A: Right, B: Middle, C: Spinal) are incorrect as they do not align with the known lateralization of motor functions in the brain.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Brittle hair or fingernails. Hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, can lead to dry and brittle hair and nails due to reduced metabolic activity affecting hair and nail growth. This symptom is commonly associated with hypothyroidism. A: Increased hair growth is not a symptom of hypothyroidism but rather hyperthyroidism, where there is an excess of thyroid hormone leading to increased metabolic rate and hair growth. B: Weight loss is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism due to increased metabolism. C: Nausea or diarrhea are not typical symptoms of hypothyroidism but can occur in other conditions like gastrointestinal issues.