A group of students are reviewing the multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV-TR. The students demonstrate understanding of the axes when they identify that each axis represents which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A domain of information. In the multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV-TR, each axis represents a specific domain of information for assessing an individual's mental health. Axis I represents clinical disorders, Axis II represents personality disorders and mental retardation, Axis III represents general medical conditions, Axis IV represents psychosocial and environmental stressors, and Axis V represents global assessment of functioning. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the purpose of the axes in the multiaxial diagnostic system. A does not align with the purpose of the axes being domains of information, B is not relevant as the axes are not experimental designs, and D is incorrect as the axes do not represent laboratory test findings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Egocentrism. At the preoperational stage (2-7 years) in Piaget's theory, children struggle with understanding others' perspectives, known as egocentrism. In this case, the 4-year-old child's inability to consider another child's ideas about playing house reflects egocentrism. The child is only able to see things from their own point of view and struggles to understand that others may have different thoughts or viewpoints. This lack of perspective-taking is a key characteristic of egocentrism at this stage of cognitive development. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Object permanence - This concept is related to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not seen. It is typically developed in the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), not in the preoperational stage where the child in the question falls. B: Reversibility and spatiality - Reversibility

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Solution-focused brief therapy differs from other cognitive therapies by focusing on the functional aspects of the patient rather than solely on problems. This approach emphasizes strengths and solutions, aiming to help clients identify and build on their existing resources to achieve their goals. By focusing on the positive and functional aspects, solution-focused brief therapy promotes a forward-looking and goal-oriented approach. In contrast, other therapies may focus more on challenging the existence of problems (choice B), recognizing change as constant (choice C), or delving into past experiences (choice D).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alpha-2 antagonist. Mirtazapine is classified as a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), which acts as an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. This mechanism of action increases the release of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain, leading to its antidepressant effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, cyclic antidepressants primarily inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, and norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine. Thus, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the id, according to Freudian psychology, is the part of the psyche that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification without considering consequences. In this scenario, the client's coughing and awkward sounds stem from an unconscious defense mechanism triggered by the uncomfortable topic of childhood sexual abuse. This reflexive behavior is a way for the client's mind to protect itself from the distressing emotions associated with the discussion. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the underlying psychological mechanism driving the client's behavior and do not align with the principles of Freudian theory.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: DSM-V. The DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) is the standard classification of mental disorders used by healthcare professionals, including nurses. It provides detailed diagnostic criteria for various mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders. The DSM-V is considered the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource for diagnosing mental health disorders. Incorrect Choices: A: Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) focuses on outcomes rather than diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. C: The ANA's Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice outlines the scope of practice for psychiatric-mental health nurses but does not provide diagnostic criteria. D: ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) is primarily used for coding and billing purposes and does not offer detailed diagnostic criteria for mental health disorders like anxiety disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Shelter Plus Care offers both supportive services and long-term housing, which is crucial for homeless populations to achieve stability and independence. Safe Havens, on the other hand, primarily focus on providing immediate shelter and support services but not long-term housing. A is incorrect because Safe Havens actually offer more intensive services to a smaller population. B is incorrect because Safe Havens typically have a smaller capacity than 100 people. C is incorrect because Safe Havens do not typically provide long-term housing, only short-term shelter.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because NCLEX drag-and-drop test items typically show a split computer screen where candidates can drag and drop items into different categories or sequences. This format allows for interactive and hands-on assessment of the test taker's understanding and application of concepts. This feature helps simulate real-world scenarios and test critical thinking skills. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: They can use every answer option if designed to do so. B: They can test prioritization by requiring candidates to organize information or actions in a specific order. D: They do not make up 50 percent of test items; the percentage varies, and they are just one of the item types used in the NCLEX exam.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform weight bearing exercises. Weight bearing exercises help to strengthen bones, which is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis to prevent fractures. By engaging in weight bearing exercises, such as walking or lifting weights, the client can improve bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. Avoid crossing the legs beyond the midline (B) is not directly related to preventing injury in osteoporosis. Avoiding sitting in one position for prolonged periods (C) is important for preventing pressure sores but not specifically related to preventing injury in osteoporosis. Splinting the affected area (D) may be used in certain cases for support but does not address the primary preventive measure of strengthening bones through weight bearing exercises.