A group of nursing students is reviewing information about factors affecting the pattern and quality of sleep. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they identify which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because sleep patterns are not constant across the lifespan. Sleep patterns change with age, with newborns sleeping the most and older adults typically experiencing changes in their sleep patterns. This is important for nursing students to understand to provide appropriate care. Choice B is correct because women do tend to report more problems with sleep compared to men due to hormonal fluctuations and other factors. Choice C is correct as working night shifts and sleeping during the day can disrupt the body's natural circadian rhythm, affecting sleep patterns. Choice D is correct as environmental influences on sleep can include factors such as noise, light, temperature, and stress, which can impact the quality of sleep.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: 1. St. John's wort can interact with antidepressants, reducing their effectiveness. 2. This herb can also lead to serotonin syndrome when combined with antidepressants. 3. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to educate the patient to avoid combining St. John's wort with antidepressants to prevent harmful interactions. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Allergic reactions are not common with St. John's wort, so this information is not relevant to the patient's education. B: While liver toxicity is a concern with St. John's wort, regular liver function tests are not typically required for patients taking this herb. D: Gastrointestinal symptoms such as bleeding are not commonly associated with St. John's wort, making this choice incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ego. The ability to form mutually satisfying relationships is a function of the ego in Freud's personality structure. The ego mediates between the id's instinctual drives and the superego's moral constraints, allowing individuals to interact with others in a socially acceptable manner. The ego helps balance personal desires with societal norms, enabling individuals to navigate relationships effectively. Incorrect Choices: A: Defense mechanisms - Defense mechanisms are strategies used by the ego to manage anxiety and protect the individual from distressing thoughts or feelings. While defense mechanisms play a role in coping with conflicts, they are not directly responsible for forming satisfying relationships. B: Unconscious - The unconscious contains repressed thoughts, memories, and desires that influence behavior. Although the unconscious plays a significant role in shaping personality, the ability to form satisfying relationships is not solely attributed to the unconscious. C: Id - The id represents innate, primal drives seeking immediate gratification. While the id influences behavior and desires, it is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adolescents mourn by talking about the loss. This is because adolescents tend to process their grief by verbalizing their feelings and thoughts. Adolescents are typically more vocal about their emotions and seek support through communication. This contrasts with children who may view death as reversible (A), adults who may need repeated explanations to understand the loss (C), and adults who may feel pressured by a time limit for socially acceptable grieving (D). Talking about the loss helps adolescents express their emotions and cope effectively with their grief.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement indicates a sudden inability to function normally, which is a key characteristic of a crisis. When a person mentions that they can't seem to function like they usually do, it suggests a significant disruption in their usual coping mechanisms and daily functioning. This can be a sign of a crisis situation where the individual is overwhelmed and struggling to manage their emotions and behavior effectively. Choices A, B, and D do not specifically indicate a crisis as they primarily focus on emotional distress and sadness related to specific events or relationships. While these situations may also be challenging for the individual, they do not necessarily imply a crisis involving a sudden disruption in functioning.