A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the various nursing theorists and their application to psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which theorist as responsible for developing the theory of cultural care diversity and universality?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Madeleine Leininger. Leininger is known for developing the theory of cultural care diversity and universality, which emphasizes the importance of cultural factors in nursing care. She introduced the concept of transcultural nursing, highlighting the need for nurses to consider cultural beliefs and practices when providing care. This theory promotes culturally sensitive and competent care to meet the diverse needs of patients. Choice B: Sister Calista Roy, is known for the adaptation model, which focuses on the individual's response to stressors. Choice C: Hildegard Peplau, is known for the interpersonal relations theory, focusing on the nurse-patient relationship. Choice D: Dorothea Orem, is known for the self-care deficit theory, which emphasizes the patient's ability to meet their own care needs. These theories are valuable in nursing practice but do not specifically address cultural diversity and universality like Leininger's theory does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The middle-aged man caring for his disabled mother is at increased risk for depression due to caregiver stress, emotional strain, and social isolation. Caregiving responsibilities can lead to feelings of overwhelm and burnout, impacting mental health. Choice B may also experience stress, but typically single parenting does not carry the same level of physical care needs and constant vigilance as caregiving for a disabled individual. Choice C, being single with no children, may face challenges but not necessarily higher risk of depression compared to caregiving. Choice D, the young adult living with parents and unemployed, may face financial and career-related stress, but typically does not involve the same level of emotional and physical strain as caregiving for a disabled individual.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Focus on safety needs and provide simple, clear instructions to help them function effectively. Rationale: 1. Safety is the top priority during a disaster situation, ensuring physical well-being. 2. Providing simple, clear instructions helps individuals focus and function effectively amidst chaos. 3. Clear instructions reduce confusion and promote a sense of control and stability. Summary: A: Asking for a medical history is not a priority during a disaster; focusing on immediate safety needs is crucial. C: Long-term goals are important but not the initial focus in a crisis situation. D: Redirecting attention temporarily may help, but addressing safety needs and providing clear instructions are more critical in the immediate aftermath of a disaster.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Shared psychotic disorder (Choice C) involves an inducer, which is a person already experiencing a psychotic disorder and influences another person to develop similar delusions. This condition is characterized by the transmission of delusional beliefs from one individual (inducer) to another (recipient). Brief psychotic disorder (Choice A) is a short-term psychotic episode without an inducer. Schizophreniform disorder (Choice B) is a separate psychotic disorder with its own set of criteria. Psychotic disorder attributable to a substance (Choice D) is caused by substance use rather than involving an inducer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates grandiosity and a sense of superiority, which are key traits of narcissistic personality disorder. The statement reflects an inflated self-image and a belief that others admire and envy them. Choice B is indicative of paranoid delusions, not narcissism. Choice C suggests introversion and introspection, which are not characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder. Choice D, being the life of the party and making new friends, may suggest extraversion but lacks the sense of superiority and entitlement that is typical of narcissism.