A group of nursing students are reviewing information about psychodynamic theories. The students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which of the following as a humanistic theorist?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carl Jung. Jung is not a humanistic theorist; he is known for his analytical psychology, which focuses on the collective unconscious and archetypes. Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are humanistic theorists who emphasize self-actualization and the importance of human potential. Frederick Perls is associated with Gestalt therapy, not humanistic theory. Therefore, the nursing students need additional study to correctly identify Carl Jung as a psychodynamic theorist, not a humanistic one.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct response is A because it demonstrates empathy and encourages self-reflection without invalidating the client's feelings. By acknowledging the client's perspective and gently prompting them to consider the impact of their drinking on their family, the nurse opens up the conversation for further exploration. Option B is incorrect as it dismisses the client's viewpoint and can lead to defensiveness. Option C is also incorrect as it imposes the nurse's perspective on the client and does not consider the complexity of the client's situation. Option D is incorrect as it assumes a causal relationship between the client's life events and drinking without exploring the client's feelings or thoughts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because assessing the client's social and cultural norms is crucial in understanding their behavior within the context of their community. By considering these norms, the evaluator can differentiate between normal variations and potential signs of mental illness. Understanding social and cultural influences helps in providing effective and culturally sensitive interventions. Choice A is incorrect because creativity is not a definitive indicator of mental illness. Choice B is incorrect as the inability to face problems can be a symptom of mental illness, but it is not the most important assessment. Choice C is incorrect as the intensity of emotional reactions alone does not determine mental illness; it must be considered in relation to social and cultural norms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Young adults. Young adults typically experience the greatest number of Sad, Blue, or Depressed Days (SBDD) due to various factors such as transitioning into adulthood, academic pressures, career uncertainties, and relationship challenges. This age group is often more susceptible to mental health issues compared to other groups. Women, men, and older adults may also experience SBDD, but research shows that young adults consistently report higher levels of emotional distress. It is crucial for nursing students to understand these trends to provide appropriate care and support to different demographic groups.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Unexplained gastrointestinal disturbance. Victims of a disaster may experience ongoing stress and anxiety, leading to gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea, diarrhea, or stomach pain. This can be a manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or ongoing psychological impact. Tachycardia (choice A) and profuse perspiration (choice B) are more immediate physiological responses to stress and may not necessarily indicate ongoing effects. Tremors (choice D) are often associated with neurological conditions rather than psychological trauma. Therefore, choice C is the most likely indicator of possible aftereffects of the disaster in this scenario.