A group of nurses is reviewing medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify methylphenidate as which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Psychostimulant. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD. It works by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps improve focus and attention in individuals with ADHD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (A) primarily target serotonin levels and are not used to treat ADHD. Noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (C) target norepinephrine levels but are not the primary mechanism of action for methylphenidate. Alpha agonists (D) work on a different pathway and are not the correct classification for methylphenidate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a client with chronic kidney disease and cloudy diasylate outflow may indicate peritonitis, a serious complication requiring immediate assessment and intervention. Cloudy dialysate outflow can be a sign of infection or peritonitis, which can lead to sepsis if not addressed promptly. Assessing this client first allows for early detection and treatment of potential life-threatening complications. Choices A, B, and D do not present immediate life-threatening conditions and can be assessed after ensuring the client with chronic kidney disease is stable.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antidepressants. Antidepressants are commonly used to treat anxiety and anxiety disorders due to their ability to regulate neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine, which play a role in mood regulation. They are effective in managing symptoms of anxiety over the long term. Antipsychotics (A) are not typically the first-line treatment for anxiety and are more commonly used for psychotic disorders. Mood stabilizers (B) are primarily used for conditions like bipolar disorder, not anxiety. Cholinesterase inhibitors (D) are used for conditions like Alzheimer's disease, not anxiety disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because expressing a desire to hurt someone is a red flag for potential harm to self or others. This statement indicates a risk of violent behavior and immediate attention is needed to ensure safety. Statements A, B, and C are not immediate concerns as they do not suggest immediate harm or danger. A: Grief over a past event, B: Medication compliance, and C: Issues with parental relationships are important but do not pose an immediate threat.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the retiree volunteering at the library aligns with the psychosocial role theory, which emphasizes the importance of maintaining social roles and engagement in later life for healthy aging. Volunteering promotes social interaction, sense of purpose, and contribution to society, leading to better mental and emotional well-being. Choices A, B, and D focus on physical health or coping with illness, which are important aspects of aging but do not solely represent healthy adjustment to aging according to psychosocial role theory.