A ganglioblocking drug for hypertension treatment is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trimethaphan. Trimethaphan is a ganglioblocking drug that acts on the autonomic nervous system by blocking nicotinic receptors in ganglia, reducing sympathetic outflow and lowering blood pressure. Hydralazine (A) is a direct vasodilator, Tubocurarine (B) is a neuromuscular blocker, and Metoprolol (D) is a beta blocker. These drugs do not act specifically on ganglia to lower blood pressure like Trimethaphan does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and insulin therapy, the correct statement about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin not being able to be administered orally (Option D) is justified due to its protein structure being destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, rendering it ineffective if taken orally. Option A is incorrect as crystalline zinc insulin can indeed serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes, especially in cases where rapid-acting insulin is needed. Option B is also incorrect as crystalline zinc insulin is not typically administered intravenously; it is usually given subcutaneously for better absorption. Option C is incorrect as crystalline zinc insulin is classified as short-acting insulin due to its onset of action within 30 minutes to an hour, making it unsuitable for oral administration due to its rapid absorption rate. Educationally, understanding the routes of administration and characteristics of different types of insulin is crucial for healthcare professionals in managing diabetes effectively. It is essential for students to grasp the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin to make informed decisions in clinical practice and provide optimal care for patients with diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Triamcinolone. Triamcinolone has two fluoride atoms in its chemical structure, making it a fluorinated glucocorticoid. Prednisolone (A) does not contain any fluoride atoms. Dexamethasone (B) and Fluocinolone (C) each have only one fluoride atom in their chemical structure. Therefore, Triamcinolone is the only option with two fluoride atoms, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Dimedrol. Dimedrol, also known as diphenhydramine, is noted for its ulcerogenic effect due to its anticholinergic properties, which can inhibit mucosal protection in the stomach. Diazoline (A), Loratadine (B), and Suprastine (C) are not associated with ulcerogenic effects as they do not possess strong anticholinergic properties like Dimedrol. Diazoline is a histamine H1 antagonist used for allergies, Loratadine is a non-sedating antihistamine, and Suprastine is an antihistamine with antiallergic effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because night blindness (Hemeralopia, Nyctalopia) is a condition where vision is normal in daylight but weak or lost in dim light due to vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is essential for the conversion of light into electrical signals in the retina, crucial for night vision. Choice A refers to extreme dryness of the conjunctiva, not night blindness. Choice B describes xerophthalmia, a condition associated with severe vitamin A deficiency leading to corneal issues, not night blindness. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately defines night blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.