ATI RN
NCLEX Questions Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
A full-term infant presents with history of low birth weight, microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and chorioretinitis; investigations reveals thrombocytopenia and abnormal liver enzymes; skull films revealed intracranial calcifications. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, chorioretinitis, and calcifications in a term infant suggest CMV (C), the most common congenital infection, over others (A, B, D, E).
Question 2 of 5
The treatment of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis requires oral erythromycin (A) to treat ocular and potential systemic infection, per standard protocols.
Question 3 of 5
The treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) include all the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BPD management includes hydration (B), steroids (C), ventilation (D), and RSV prophylaxis (E). Tracheotomy (A) is rare and not standard.
Question 4 of 5
A 40-day-old infant product of difficult vaginal delivery, presented with repeated vomiting, pallor, and recurrent seizures. On examination, occipitofrontal circumference was 41 cm. Lab study showed; Hb level, 7 gm/dl. You suspect intracranial hemorrhage. Of the following, the MOST likely site of hemorrhage is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Subdural hemorrhage (A) fits difficult delivery, late seizures, and anemia at 40 days, more than subarachnoid (B), periventricular (C), IVH (D), or intraparenchymal (E) in term infants.
Question 5 of 5
Early clinical sign of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abdominal distension (D) is the earliest NEC sign, reflecting bowel inflammation, per clinical staging.